سمیت تنفسی اسانس برگ درخت ارس (Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb.) از دو رویشگاه مختلف در ایران بر آفات شب‌پره‌ هندی (Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)) و سوسک زرد آرد (Tenebrio molitor L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد کرج، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

3 مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکدة گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران.

4 گروه صنایع چوب و کاغذ، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2024.367337.1265

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، استفاده از حشره‌کش‌های دوست‌دار محیط‌زیست به‌‌ویژه اسانس‌های گیاهان برای کنترل آفات انباری توجه بسیاری از محققین را به‌خود جلب کرده‌ است. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی خاصیت حشره‌کشی، اسانس برگ درخت ارس (Juniperus excelsa) جمع ­آوری شده از دو رویشگاه واقع در ارتفاعات منطقة آق­داغ و (خلخال) و شهرستانک (کرج) در ایران روی حشرات کامل شب­پرة هندی (Plodia interpunctella) و سوسک زرد آرد (Tenebrio molitor L.) انجام شد. برگ درختان از دو ناحیه جمع­ آوری و اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر تهیه و ترکیبات اصلی با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی شناسایی شد. همچنین اثر سمیت تنفسی این اسانس­ ها بر روی حشرات فوق با تعیین شاخص میزان کشندگی (LC50) و رگرسیون پروبیت بررسی شد. براساس نتایج، در اسانس برگ درخت ارس منطقة شهرستانک و آق­داغ به ­ترتیب 24 و 18 ترکیب شناسایی شد. در هر دو رویشگاه، بیشترین ترکیب شناسایی شده مربوط به α-Pinene بود. نتایج نشان داد که سمیت تنفسی اسانس­ ها درهر دو منطقة مورد مطالعه با غلظت اسانس همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار دارد (0/01>P). LC50 برای سوسک زرد آرد در اسانس­ های آق داغ و شهرستانک به‌ترتیب 279/10، 253/16 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا و برای شب­پرة هندی 182/26، 115/16 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا محاسبه شد. مقادیر LC50 اسانس‌های تهیه شده از شهرستانک برای هر دو حشره کمتر بود که  این تفاوت احتمالاً از  تفاوت در ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس در رویشگاه ناشی شده است. با توجه به سمیت تنفسی اسانس حاصل از برگ‌های درخت ارس در دو منطقة بررسی شده، و با توجه به تفاوت شاخص LC50، مطالعات زیست­سنجی بیشتری ازJ. excelsa  در رویشگاه­ های مختلف توصیه می­ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Respiratory toxicity of the essential oils extracted from Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb.) needles originated from two different habitats in Iran against Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Nazirzadeh 1
  • Vilma Bayramzadeh 2
  • Farahnaz Khalighi-Sigaroodi 3
  • Leila Pourhosseini 1
  • Sayed Khosrow HossinAshrafi 4
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Wood and Paper Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
3 Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
4 epartment of Wood and Paper Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, the use of environmentally friendly insecticides, especially plant essential oils (EO), has attracted the attention of many researchers. The aim of this study was to investigate the insecticidal effects of essential oils extracted from Juniperus excelsa needles collected from Aqdagh (Khalkhal) and Shahrestanak (Karaj) in Iran against adults of Plodia interpunctella and Tenebrio molitor. The essential oil was extracted from the needles of the plant using the clevenger apparatus, and the compounds were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Fumigant toxicity of the EO was also evaluated against the above-mentioned insects by probit regression and the LC50 index. Based on the results, the chemical compounds identified in the EO from Shahrestanak and Aqdagh regions were 24 and 18 compounds, respectively. However, α-pinene was the main component of the EOs obtained from both habitats. Additionally, the results showed that the respiratory toxicity of EO in both studied areas had a positive and significant correlation with the concentration of essential oils (p < 0.01). Therefore, it seems that the EO extracted from J. excelsa needles has a high potential for use in pest control programs in warehouses. The calculated LC50 indices of Aqdagh and Shahrestank essential oils for Tenebrio molitor was 279.10 and 253.16 µl/L, respectively. Also, the indices of Aqdagh and Shahrestank essential oils for P. interpunctella were 182.26 and 115.16 µl/L, respectively. The LC50 values of Shahrestank EO were lower for both insects, probably due to the difference in the chemical compositions of Aqdagh and Shahrestanak essential oils. Considering the respiratory toxicity of the essential oil obtained from juniper leaves in two regions, and considering the difference in LC50 index, more biometric studies of J. excelsa in different habitats are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioassay
  • Chemical compounds
  • Pests of warehouses
  • Secondary metabolite
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