پایش چهارسالة خشکیدگی تاجی به‌منظور تعیین ویژگی‌های درختان بلوط ایرانی حساس به خشکیدگی تاجی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2023.351999.1229

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر خشکیدگی تاجی درختان بلوط ایرانی طی سال ­های 1398 تا 1401 به­ منظور تعیین ویژگی‌های فردی درختان بلوط حساس به خشکیدگی تاجی در جنگل­ های مله­ سیاه ایلام پایش شد. دو قطعه ­نمونه با سطح متغیر به ­طوری که 100 درخت بلوط را شامل شوند، در دامنه ­های شمالی و جنوبی انتخاب شد. مشخصات هر درخت شامل قطر برابر سینه، ارتفاع درخت و قطر بزرگ و کوچک تاج اندازه­ گیری شد. ارزیابی خشکیدگی تاجی هر درخت به‌مدت چهار سال در اواخر فصل تابستان براساس درصد خشکیدگی تاجی انجام شد و درختان در چهار طبقة خشکیدگی تاجی تقسیم­بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت­ های درون­گون ه­ای از نظر میزان خشکیدگی تاجی وجود دارد، به‌طوری­ که در دامنة شمالی بیشترین تعداد درختان در طبقه ­های سرخشکیده و خشکیدگی تا 50 درصد و در دامنة جنوبی بیشترین تعداد درختان در طبقه ­های سالم و خشکیدگی بیش از 50 درصد قرار داشت. طبقة سالم کمترین میانگین قطر برابر سینه، ارتفاع و سطح تاج داشت و طبقه­های خشکیدگی تاجی بالاتر میانگین قطر تنه، ارتفاع و سطح تاج بیشتری داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت ­های درون­ گونه ­ای از نظر تغییرپذیری سالیانه شدت خشکیدگی تاجی وجود دارد، به­ طوری­ که در رویشگاه شمالی، تعداد 17 درخت و در رویشگاه جنوبی، تعداد 14 درخت از طبقه­ های سالم و سرخشکیده به طبقه‌های خشکیدگی تاجی بالاتر جابجا شدند. درختان جابجا شده میانگین قطر برابر سینه و سطح تاج بیشتری نسبت به درختان هم طبقه جابجانشده داشتند. نتیجه ­گیری شد که درختان با ابعاد بزرگ­تر از نظر قطر برابر سینه و سطح تاج که سن بیشتری نیز دارند، حساسیت بیشتری به خشکیدگی دارند. بر­عکس درختان با تغییرپذیری تاجی کمتر و یا سلامت تاجی بیشتر سازگاری یا بردباری بیشتری در شرایط خشکسالی دارند. نتایج این پژوهش می ­تواند در شناسایی و مدیریت حفاظت و احیاء درختان جنگلی که هنوز دچار خشکیدگی درختی نشده و یا در مجاورت درختان و توده­ه ای دچار خشکیدگی قرار دارند، استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Four-year monitoring of crown dieback to determine the characteristics of Persian oak trees susceptible to crown dieback

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Hosseini 1
  • Hassan Jahanbazy 2
1 Research Division of Natural Resources, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran.
2 Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the present study, the crown dieback of Persian oak trees was monitored over a period of four years (2019 to 2022) in order to determine the characteristics of oak trees that are sensitive to crown dieback in the Mele-Siah forests of Ilam. Two plots, with varying areas in order to include 100 oak trees, were selected on the northern and southern slopes. The characteristics of each tree, including the diameter at breast height, tree height, and the large and small diameters of the crown, were measured and recorded. The crown dieback of each tree was evaluated based on the percentage of crown dieback over the course of four years at the end of the summer season, and the trees were divided into four classes of crown dieback. The results showed that there is variation within the species in terms of the extent of crown dieback. On the northern slope, the majority of trees were in the declining and less than 50% crown dieback classes, while on the southern slope, the majority of trees were in the healthy and more than 50% crown dieback classes. The healthy class had the lowest average diameter at breast height, height, and crown area, while the higher crown dieback classes had higher averages for these characteristics. Additionally, the results showed that there is variation within the species in terms of the annual variability of crown dieback intensity. In the northern site, 17 trees and in the southern site, 14 trees were moved from the healthy and low crown dieback classes to the higher crown dieback classes. The results indicated that the transplanted trees had larger diameters at breast height, heights, and crown areas compared to the trees in the same class that were not transplanted. It was concluded that trees with larger dimensions in terms of diameter at breast height, height, and crown area, which are also older, are more sensitive to dieback. Conversely, trees with less crown variability or greater crown health have greater adaptability or tolerance to drought conditions, which can be used to produce resilient seedlings for the restoration of dieback-affected forests. The findings of this study can be utilized in the identification and protective management of forest trees that have not yet experienced decline or are situated near affected trees and stands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oak forests
  • Zagros
  • Tree decline
  • Intra-species variability
  • Individual characteristics

مراجع

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 76، شماره 2
شهریور 1402
صفحه 91-101

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