ارزیابی تغییرات برخی مشخصه‌های خاک تحت تأثیر ویژگی‌های مدیریتی (مطالعۀ موردی: جنگل‌های منطقۀ گیسوم استان گیلان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

2 استاد گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

4 استادیار گروه اقتصاد جنگلداری و برنامه‌ریزی جنگل، دانشگاه فرایبورگ، فرایبورگ، آلمان

10.22059/jfwp.2022.338143.1205

چکیده

هدف این تحقیق، ارزیابی تغییرات برخی مشخصه‌های خاک تحت تأثیر مدیریت‌های مختلف شامل بهره‌برداری، گردشگری و ذخیره‌گاه جنگلی (منطقۀ شاهد) در استان گیلان است. در هر کدام از مناطق تحت بررسی، پنج ترانسکت به طول 200 متر عمود بر مسیر جاده مشخص شد و نمونه‌برداری از خاک در فواصل 10، 50، 100، 150 و 200 متری از جاده انجام گرفت. در طول هر ترانسکت، پنج قطعه نمونۀ 25 متر مربعی مستقر و نمونه‌های خاک برداشت شد. در مرکز هر قطعه نمونه یک نمونه خاک از عمق 10-0 سانتی‌متری برداشت شد. خصوصیات خاک اندازه‌گیری‌شده شامل جرم مخصوص ظاهری، درصد تخلخل، اسیدیتۀ خاک، کربن آلی و تنفس میکروبی بود. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش فاصله از جاده، میانگین جرم مخصوص ظاهری در منطقۀ بهره‌برداری، گردشگری و شاهد به‌ترتیب از 64/1 به 10/1، از 33/1 به 07/1 و از 11/1 به 08/1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب و میانگین pH نیز به‌ترتیب از 96/6 به 48/5، از 57/6 به 48/5 و از 88/4 به 56/4 کاهش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار کربن آلی و تنفس میکروبی خاک به‌ترتیب در مناطق شاهد و بهره‌برداری شده مشاهده شد. نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس نشان داد که اختلاف معنی‌داری بین همۀ خصوصیات خاک در مناطق نمونه‌برداری و فواصل مختلف جاده وجود دارد. مقایسۀ میانگین نیز نشان داد که اختلاف معنی‌داری بین میانگین خصوصیات خاک در منطقۀ شاهد با دو منطقۀ بهره‌برداری و گردشگری وجود دارد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که نوع مدیریت عرصه‌های طبیعی می‌تواند اثرهای مخربی بر خصوصیات مختلف خاک داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes evaluation of some soil properties under effects of management characteristics (Case study: forests of Gisom region of Guilan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morvarid Khademy Kamal 1
  • Ramin Naghdi 2
  • Ali Salehi 3
  • Rasoul Yousefpour 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh sara, I.R. Iran.
2 Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh sara, I.R. Iran.
3 Assoc., Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh sara, I.R. Iran.
4 Assist., Prof., Department of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate some soil properties that were affected by management including logging, tourism and forest reserve in Guilan province, Iran. In each of the studied area, five transects with a length of 200 meters, perpendicular to the road, were selected and soil samples at 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200-meters distances from the road were gathered. In each transect, five samples of 25 m2 were selected. Measured soil properties were consisted of bulk density, porosity, pH, organic carbon, and microbial respiration. The results showed that with increasing distance from the road, the mean of bulk density in the area of logging, tourism and forest reserve decreased from 1.64 to 1.10, 1.33 to 1.07 and 1.11 to 1.08 gr/cm3, respectively, and mean of pH decreased from 6.96 to 5.48, 6.57 to 5.48 and 4.88 to 4.56, respectively. The highest and lowest levels of organic carbon and rate of microbial respiration were observed in the control and logging areas, respectively. The results of analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between all soil properties in the sampled areas and different road distances. Mean comparison also showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of soil properties in the control area with the logging and tourism areas. The results of this study showed that the type of management of natural areas may have different destructive effects on soil properties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Recreation impact
  • forest park
  • soil properties
  • sustainable management
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