تاثیر برخی محرک‌های شیمیایی و عصاره درخت چریش (Azadirachta indica Jussieu) در القاء مقاومت سیستمیک درختان بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl.) به عوامل بیماریزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج

2 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج

10.22059/jfwp.2022.335805.1199

چکیده

مقاومت سیستمیک یکی از راه‌های افزایش مقاومت به آفات و بیماری‌ها در گیاهان است. سازوکارهای دفاعی گیاهان را می‌توان با برخی محرک‌های شیمیایی در برابر تنش‌های محیطی تقویت کرد. بدین منظور در این تحقیق از غلظت‌های مختلف محرک‌هایی مانند اسید سالیسیلیک، فسفیت پتاسیم، عصارۀ گیاه چریش، دو سویه باکتری محرک رشد و سم آفت‌کش ایمیداکلوپراید استفاده گردید و میزان بازدارندگی آنها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بر روی دو عامل بیماری‌زای قارچ زغالی بلوط و باکتری Breneria sp. در محیط کشت بررسی شد. همچنین تأثیر این محرک‌ها بر درختان بلوط ایرانی با خشکیدگی تاج در شرایط عرصۀ جنگلی نیز بررسی شد و پس از سه هفته برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی درختان مانند محتوای نسبی آب و نرخ نشت الکترولیت برگ، کلروفیل و عملکرد فتوسیستم اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج مقایسۀ میانگین دانکن نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت محرک‌های یادشده، بازدارندگی آنها در برابر قارچ و باکتری بیماری‌زا در شرایط آزمایشگاهی به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت و کمترین تأثیر بازدارندگی را دو سویه باکتری محرک رشد نشان داد. همچنین درختان تیمارشده با عصارۀ چریش، فسفیت پتاسیم و ایمیداکلوپراید توانستند آسیب غشای سیتوپلاسمی خود را به‌طور معنی‌داری نسبت به کنترل (آب مقطر) کاهش دهند و همچنین عملکرد بیشینۀ فتوسیستم در این تیمارها و اسید سالیسیلیک افزایش نشان داد. نتایج بیانگر تأثیرات مثبت همۀ ترکیبات طبیعی به‌کار رفته در تحقیق برای کنترل خشکیدگی درختان بلوط ایرانی است و می‌توان از آنها برای مبارزه با آفات و بیماری‌ها و به‌جای سموم شیمیایی مانند ایمیداکلوپراید استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of some chemical elicitors and neem tree extract (Azadirachta indica Jussieu) application on systemic induce resistance of oak trees (Quercus brantii Lindl.) to pathogens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sasan Kamalpour 1
  • Hamid Jalil Masir 1
  • Roghayeh Zolfaghari 2
  • Payam Fayyaz 2
1 MSc. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural resources, Yasouj University, I. R. Iran.
2 Assoc., Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural resources, Yasouj University, I. R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Systemic induce resistance (SIR) is one of the mechanisms for increasing resistance to pests and pathogens in plants. The plant defense system against environmental stress can increase by some chemical elicitors. For this purpose, we used different concentrations of elicitors including salicylic acid, phosphite potassium, leaf extract of neem, two isolates of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), imidacloprid pesticide. Then, growth inhibition of all treatments were investigated on both fungal (Biscogniauxia mediterranea) and bacterial (Brenneria sp.) pathogens under in vitro conditions. Also, the effect of these elicitors was examined on Quercus brantii trees with declined crown in the forest. After three weeks, some physiological traits of trees such as relative water content and membrane leakage of leaf, chlorophyll and photosystem efficiency were measured. Results of Duncan's mean comparison showed that by increasing elicitors’ concentration, their growth inhibition against fungal and bacterial pathogens was significantly increased. The lowest effect of the growth inhibition was observed for two isolates of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Trees treated with neem extract, phosphite potassium, and imidacloprid pesticides could significantly reduce membrane leakage compared with the control (treated with water), and also the maximum photosystem efficiency of these treatments and salicylic acid were increased. The results indicate that the positive effects of all used natural chemicals in this study in controlling oak decline which can be used against pest and pathogen instead of chemical pesticides such as imidacloprid.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • oak charcoal disease
  • oak decline
  • phosphit potassium
  • plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)
  • salicylic acid
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