مطالعۀ ارگونومیک بارگیری دستی گرده‌بینه در عرصه‌های جنگلکاری صنوبر دارای مالکیت خصوصی در شرق استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری علوم و مهندسی جنگل، مرکز بذر جنگلی خزر،‌ سازمان جنگل‌ها،‌ مراتع و آبخیزداری ‌کشور، آمل، مازندران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

چکیده

بارگیری دستی گرده‌بینه‌ها اغلب شامل وظایف کاری خطرناک، سنگین و طاقت‌فرساست. این فعالیت مستلزم آن است که کارگر در طول روز بارهای سنگین را جابه‌جا کند که ممکن است موجب دردهای عضلانی، خستگی فیزیکی و همچنین حوادث کاری شود. این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی وضعیت قرارگیری بدن کارگران و محاسبۀ شاخص خطر در عملیات بارگیری به روش دستی در عرصه‌های جنگلکاری‌های صنوبر انجام گرفت. ارزیابی ارگونومیکی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ErgoFellow 3.0 و روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل وضعیت کاری اواکو صورت پذیرفت. کارهای میدانی و جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در فصل بهار سال 1400 و هنگام عملیات بارگیری دستی در عرصه‌های صنوبرکاری در شرق استان گیلان انجام گرفت. از فیلم‌های ضبط‌شده به روش تهیۀ عکس فوری، تصاویر مربوط به موقعیت بدن کارگران استخراج و براساس تأثیر موقعیت بدن بر سیستم اسکلتی عضلانی، سطح اقدامات اصلاحی مشخص شد. بررسی فراوانی و درصد وضعیت‌های ترکیبی بدن (34 عدد) نشان داد که هفت کد وضعیت بدن نیاز به اصلاح ندارند، اما شش کد وضعیت بدن نیاز به اصلاح در آینده‌ای نزدیک، یازده کد وضعیت نیاز به اصلاح سریع‌تر و ده کد وضعیت نیاز به اصلاح فوری دارند. محاسبۀ شاخص خطر عملیات بارگیری نشان داد که شاخص کل عملیات بارگیری 276 است. خطرهای ارگونومیکی و مربوط به سلامت کارگران در بارگیری دستی در منطقۀ پژوهش پنهان و بسیار نگران‌کننده است و ممکن است سبب فرسودگی جسمی و روحی و کاهش ظرفیت کار و عمر مفید کاری شود و آنها را در معرض اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی قرار می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ergonomic study of manual loading of log in private poplar plantation in the east of Guilan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Safarzadeh 1
  • Mehrdad Nikooy 2
  • Petros A Tsioras 1
  • Zahra Arman 1
1 MSc Studen, Forestry Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, I.R. Iran
2 Assoc., Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]

Manual loading of logs consists of dangerous, heavy and tedious work tasks. The involved workers have to lift and carry heavy loads during the day, which has been associated with physical fatigue, muscle pain, as well as a high risk of work accidents. The objectives of this research were a) to analyze log loading worker and b) calculate the Postural Risk Index (PRI) during manual loading activities in a poplar plantation by means of the ErgoFellow 3.0 software and the Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) ergonomic method. Field measurements and data collection were carried out in the summer of 2020 and consisted of video recordings during the effective work time. The snapshot method was used in the recorded material and a total of 34 mixed body postures were identified based on the effect of body posture on the musculoskeletal system. Study of the frequency and percentage of mixed body posture revealed that 7 code values are in action level 1and do not need to be corrected while in 6 code values, corrective action required in the near future, 11 code values require faster correction, and 10 code values require immediate correction. The PRI of the loading operations was 276, suggesting a strong need for ergonomic improvements. Health hazards as a result of manual loading of logs are, largely, unknown to the workforce in rural areas despite their connection to physical and mental exhaustion, and can expose workers to musculoskeletal disorders resulting in reduction of their work capacity..

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest ergonomics
  • Work safety
  • Poplar plantation
  • Worker body posture
  • Risk index

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 75، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 119-130

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