ارزیابی تغییرات مشخصه‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک 25 سال پس از عملیات چوبکشی در جنگل خیرود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استاد گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تراکم خاک به‌علت استفاده از ماشین‌آلات سنگین برای برداشت چوب و بی‌توجهی به شرایط خاک در عملیات چوبکشی، مشکلی گسترده در برداشت چوب از جنگل است. در تحقیق حاضر، فرایند بازیابی مشخصه‌های خاک مسیرهای چوبکشی بعد از عملیات چوبکشی در جنگل خیرود بررسی شد. چهار مسیر چوبکشی با سنین مختلف (3، 10، 20 و 25 سال) با سه تکرار در جنگل انتخاب و در هر یک از آنها سه طبقۀ شدت ترافیک و سه کلاسۀ شیب مشخص شد و نمونه‌گیری در محل رد چرخ‌ها در عمق‌های 10-0 و 20-10 سانتی‌متری خاک انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که 25 سال پس از عملیات چوبکشی جرم مخصوص ظاهری، مقاومت به نفوذ و تخلخل ریز، 4/8، 4/27 و 44/50 درصد بیشتر و تخلخل کل، تخلخل درشت و رطوبت خاک به‌ترتیب 96/1، 1/17 و 58/4 درصد کمتر از منطقۀ دست‌نخورده بود. با گذشت 25 سال از عملیات چوبکشی، مقادیر واکنش (pH)، هدایت الکتریکی، کربن، نیتروژن کل، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم قابل جذب در خاک، تعداد و زی‌تودۀ کرم‌های خاکی کمتر و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن بیشتر از منطقۀ دست‌نخورده بود. شدت ترافیک زیاد (H3) و کلاسۀ شیب 30-20 درصد (C3) در مسیر چوبکشی سه‌ساله بیشترین اثر را بر مشخصه‌های خاک داشت که از تغییرات بیشتر و طولانی شدن بازیابی مشخصه‌های خاک در این موقعیت‌ها نشان دارد. نتایج این مطالعه مشخص می‌کند که بازیابی مشخصه‌های شیمیایی طولانی‌تر از مشخصه‌های زیستی و فیزیکی است، به‌طوری که بازیابی کامل این مشخصه‌ها به زمانی بیش از 25 سال نیاز دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of changes in soil physical, chemical and biological properties 25 years after skidding operations in Kheyrud forest

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Sohrabi 1
  • Meghdad Jourgholami 2
  • Mohammad Jafari 3
1 Ph.D. Student of forest engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
2 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
3 Prof., Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil compaction is a widespread problem in forestry due to the use of heavy machinery for timber harvesting and the lack of attention to soil conditions in harvesting operations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the natural recovery process of compacted soil properties after skidding operations in Kheyrud forest. Four abandoned skid trails with different ages (3, 10, 20 and 25 years) were selected with three replications at the forest area. In each of them, three traffic intensity classes and three slope classes were specified and sampling were done at the wheel track at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm of soil. The results showed that 20 years after the skidding operations, bulk density, penetration resistance and microporosity were 8.4%, 27.4% and 50.44% greater and TP, MP and SM were 1.96%, 17.1% and 4.58% lower than the undisturbed area, respectively. 20 years after skidding operation, the values of pH, EC, C, N, Available P, K, Ca, and Mg, earthworm density and biomass were lower than the undisturbed area, respectively, and value of C/N ratio was higher than the undisturbed area. High traffic intensity (H3) and slope classes of 20 - 30% (C3) in the 3-year skid trail had the greatest impact on soil properties, that indicating greater changes and longer recovery of soil properties in these treatments. The consequence of this study indicated that recovery of soil chemical properties is longer than biological and physical properties, so that complete recovery of these properties takes more than 25 years.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bulk density
  • Ground-based skidding
  • Earthworm biomass
  • Traffic intensity
  • Trail gradient

مراجع

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 73، شماره 4
بهمن 1399
صفحه 403-415

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