ویژگی‌های جنگل‌شناسی توده‌های تحت تفرج (مطالعۀ موردی: پارک جنگلی بلوران کوهدشت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو

2 استاد

چکیده

در این پژوهش تأثیرات تفرج و تغییر کاربری مناطق جنگلی به پارک‌های جنگلی بر برخی ویژگی‌های جنگل‌شناسی توده‌های تحت تفرج در پارک جنگلی بلوران کوهدشت بررسی شده است. به این منظور، سه منطقه شامل مناطق بدون تفرج، تفرج گسترده و تفرج متمرکز مشخص شد. به‌منظور برداشت داده‌ها در هر منطقه 30 قطعه نمونه به‌روش منظم تصادفی با ابعاد شبکۀ 150×100 متر، پیاده شد. در هر قطعه نمونه مشخصه‌های آماری تراکم، زادآوری، ارتفاع درخت، قطر کوچک و بزرگ تاج و سلامت و شادابی درختان، قطر برابرسینۀ پایه‌های دانه‌زاد و تعداد جست درختان شاخه‌زاد اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین مشخصه‌های تعداد در هکتار، میزان پوشش تاجی و میزان زادآوری در منطقۀ شاهد با مناطق گسترده و متمرکز اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت، به‌طوری ‌که کمترین میزان پوشش تاجی را منطقۀ تفرجی متمرکز در بین مناطق داشت. ارتفاع درختان در منطقۀ متمرکز با مناطق شاهد و گسترده اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت و قطر پایه‌های دانه‌زاد موجود نیز در منطقۀ گسترده با مناطق شاهد و متمرکز اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت. درختان در مناطق متمرکز و گسترده شاداب­تر بودند. بنابر نتایج این تحقیق، تفرج چه به‌صورت گسترده و چه متمرکز، تأثیرات منفی بر ویژگی‌های پوشش گیاهی منطقه دارد و سبب تغییر ویژگی‌های جنگل‌شناسی توده‌ها می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Silvicultural characteristics of forest stands under Recreational land use (Case study: Boloran natural forest park, Kuhdasht County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • korush Nazarpour Fard 1
  • vahid etemad 2
1 student
2
چکیده [English]

This study aims at assessing the impact of land use change (from forest areas to forest parks) on some silvicultural characteristics of stands under recreational land use in Boloran natural forest park, Kuhdasht. For this purpose, three zones including non-recreation, extensive recreation and intensive recreation regions were chosen. In each zone 30 sample plots in a systematic random design (100 m × 150 m) were established. Within each sample plot, characteristics including tree density, frequency of regenerations, tree height, canopy diameter (small and large diameters), tree health and vitality, diameter at breast height (DBH) and number of sprouts in coppice trees were measured. Results showed that there were significant differences among the three zones in terms of density and frequency of regeneration. Also there were significant differences between intensive and extensive as well as control treatments in terms of canopy cover, with the lowest value in intensive recreation. Also there were significant differences between the zones in terms of tree height, and there were significant differences between extensive and intensive as well as control in terms of BDH of trees. Trees in extensive and intensive regions were of better vitality. The results also indicated that recreation whether extensive or intensive, has negative and unfavorable effects on the vegetation of the region and leads to changes in silvicultural characteristics of the stands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: cover
  • Kouhdasht
  • forest park Boloran
  • recreation effects
  • Regeneration
[1] Lindsay, K., Craig, J., and low, M. (2008). The effects of track proximity on avian reproductive success and nest selection in an open sanctuary. Tourism Management, 29: 730-739.
[2] Rusterholz, H.P., Kissling, M., and Baur, B. (2009). Disturbance by human trampling alter the performance, Sexual reproduction and genetic diversity in a clonal woodland herb, Perspectives in plant ecology. Evolution and Systematic, 8(2): 109-116.

[3] Worboys, G., DeLacy, T., and Lockwood, M. (2005). Principles and Practice Protected Area Management, Cambridge University Press. pp 365.

[4] Donaldson, A., and Bennet, A. (2004). Ecological effects of roads, implications for the internal fragmentation of Australian parks and reserves. Technical Paper Series, 12: 1-74
[5] Hegetschweiler, K.T., Loon, N.V., Ryser, A., Rusterholz, H.P., and Bruno, B. (2009). Effects of fireplace use on forest vegetation and amount of woody debris in suburban forests in northwestern Switzerland. Environmental Engineering, 43(2): 299-310.
[6] Eshaghi Rad, C., Heidari, M., and Mahdavi, A.S. (2009). Examines the impact of recreation activities on soil and vegetation (case study: Forest Park Ilam Chghasbz). Iranian Journal of Forest, 3(1): 70-81.
[7] Obua, J. (1997). The potential, development and ecological impact of ecotourism in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Journal of Environmental Management, 50(1): 27-38.
[8] Bruner, A.G., Gullison, R.E., Rice, R.E., and Da Fonseca, G.A.B. (2001). Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science Journal, 291: 125-128.
[9] Keyvan Behjo, F. (2013).  Measurement of damage to stand shrubs of recreational activities in the forest Fandoghlo Ardabil, Iranian Journal of Forest, 4(3): 231- 242.
[10] Brown, J.H., Kalisz, S.P., and Wright, W.R. (1977). Effects of recreational use on forested sites. Environmental Geology, 1(2): 425-431.
[11] Marvi-Mohadjer, M., Silviculture and Tending of Forest, Tehran University Press. Tehran.
[12] Chin, C. (2002). Visitors perspectives on environmental impact and their management, ecotourism in Bake National Park, Borneo. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(1): 20-35
[13] anonymous, (1992). Forestry Plan Forest Park Boloran Kouhdasht, Department of Natural Resources, Kouhdasht, Lorestan.
[14] Pariente, S., and Helena, M.Z. (2008). Effect of visitor’s pressure on the spatial variability of sandy soil in an urban park in Tel Aviv. Environment Assess, 142: 35-46.
[15] Manuela, A., Bebayas, j., Castillejos, T., Serrano, F., Morote, F., and Barja, A. (2005). Impact of visitors on soil and vegetation of the recreational area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 10: 55-67.
[16] Anders. (2005). Impact of visitors on soil and vegetation of the recreational area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 10: 55-67
[17] Turton, S.M. (2005). Managing environmental impacts of recreation and tourism in rainforests at the wet tropics of Queensland world heritage area. Geographical Research, 43: 140-151.
 [18] Pickering, C.M., and Hill, W. (2007). Impacts of recreation and tourism on plant biodiversity and vegetation in protected areas in Australia. Journal of Environmental Management, 85: 791-800.
 [19] Buckley, R. (2004). Environmental Impacts of Natural Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts and Management. Channel View Publications, Australia. pp 235.
 [20] Pickering, C.M., and Growcock, A. (2009). Impacts of experimental trampling on tall alpine herbfields and subalpine grasslands in the Australian Alps. Journal of Environmental Management, 91: 532-540.