اثر مبدأ بذر بر درصد جوانه‌زنی و رشد نهال‌های راناس (C.A.M.Cerasus microcarpa) در نهالستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2024.381600.1311

چکیده

آزمایشات مبدأ بذر گونه‌های بومی و تعیین پروونانس مناسب برای تولید نهال با کیفیت و دستیابی به حداکثر بهره‌وری در نهالستان‌های جنگلی، امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مبدأ بذر بر مشخصه­های درصد جوانه­زنی بذر و صفات رویشی نهال­های راناس (Cerasus microcarpa C.A.M.) در منطقۀ خلخال استان اردبیل انجام شد. بدین‌منظور، میوه ­های رسیده و سالم راناس  از چهار رویشگاه واقع در شهرستان خلخال جمع ­آوری شد. پس از اندازه‌گیری مشخصه ­های کمی، بذرها در گلدان پلاستیکی حاوی خاک رویشگاه طبیعی در نهالستان کندرق خلخال کاشته شدند. سپس صفات درصد جوانه­زنی بذر، درصد زنده­مانی، ارتفاع، قطر­یقه و زی‌تودة زمینی و اندام هوایی نهال­ ها اندازه­ گیری شدند. یافته ­ها نشان داد بذرهای مبدأ کندرق در مقایسه با جمعیت ­های برندق، منامین و سوسهاب بزرگ­تر و سنگین­تر هستند. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد اثر مبدأ بذر بر کلیة صفات مورد بررسی معنی­دار است. بیشترین جوانه ­زنی بذر (38 درصد)، زنده­ مانی (93/5درصد)، ارتفاع (10/57سانتی­ متر)، قطر یقه (2/95 میلی­ متر)، زی‌تودة خشک ریشه (1/04 گرم) و اندام هوایی (1/98 گرم) به نهال ­های مبدأ کندرق تعلق دارد. از این‌رو، از این‌رو، مبدأ کندرق، بهترین مبدأ بذر برای تعیین محوطه ­های بذرگیری و تولید نهال سالم و قوی راناس در نهالستان جنگلی پیشنهاد می ­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of seed origin on germination percent and seedlings growth of small-fruited cherry (Cerasus microcarpa C.A.M) in nursery

نویسندگان [English]

  • Younes Rostamikia 1
  • Maryam Mackizadeh Tafti 2
  • Somayeh Fekri Qomi 2
  • Behnam Hamzeh 2
1 Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil, Iran.
2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Testing the origin of seeds from native species and identifying the appropriate provenance for producing high-quality seedlings and maximizing productivity in forest nurseries is essential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of seed origin on the germination percentage and growth traits of small-fruited cherry (Cerasus microcarpa C.A.M.) seedlings in the Khalkhal region of Ardabil province. For this purpose, ripe and healthy fruits of small-fruited cherry were collected from four habitats in Khalkhal. After measuring their quantitative properties, the seeds were planted in plastic pots containing natural habitat soil at the Kandragh Khalkhal nursery. The traits measured included seed germination percentage, survival percentage, height, collar diameter, and root and shoot dry weights of the seedlings. The findings showed that seeds from the Kandragh origin were larger and heavier compared to those from Barandaragh, Menamin, and Soshab populations. Analysis of variance indicated that seed origin significantly affected all investigated traits. The highest seed germination rate (38%), survival rate (93.5%), height (10.57 cm), collar diameter (2.94 mm), root dry weight (1.04 g), and shoot dry weight (1.98 g) were observed in seedlings from the Kandragh origin. Therefore, Kandragh is recommended as the optimal seed origin for producing healthy and robust small-fruited cherry seedlings in forest nurseries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Collar diameter
  • Height
  • Khalkhal
  • Seed origin
  • Small-fruited cherry
[1] Mozafarian, V. (1998). Plant Dictionary of Iran, Farhang Moaser Publications, Tehran, Iran, 740 p.
[2] Sabeti, H. A. (1976). Forests, trees, and shrubs of Iran. Yazd University publishing, 735 p.
[3] Khanhasani, M., Sagheb Talebi, KH., Khodakarami, Y., & Safari, H. (2016). The role of soil and physiographic factors on morphologic parameters of Cerasus microcarpa C. A. Mey. in Kermanshah forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 24(2), 227-235. (In Persian)
[4] Ravanbakhsh, H., Pourhashemi, M., Hamzeh’ee, B., Rashidi, F., Iranmanes, Y., Bordbar, K., Jahanbazi, H., Ramak, P., Rastegar, A., Zarafshar, M., Alimahmoodi Sarab, S., Askari, Y., M. Khanhasani, M., Mohammadian, A., Mohammadpour, M., Negahdar Saber, M.R., Henareh Khalyan, J., i. Najafifar, I., & Rahimi, H.  (2024). Reproduction and the importance of nurse species in the monitoring plots of Zagros forests, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 32(1), 61-76. (in Persian)
[5] Ghamari Zare, A., Espahbodi, K., & Ali Ashraf Mehrabi, A.A. (2023). Seed orchards and seed production areas for forest species are effective strategies for genetic protection, reclamation, and developing forests resistant to climate change. Iran Nature, 2(39), 7-13. (in Persian)
 [6] Pinchot, C.C., Clark, S.L., Schlarbaum, S.E., Saxton, A.M., Sung, S.S., & Hebard, F.V. (2015). Effects of temporal dynamics, nut weight and nut size on growth of American chestnut, Chinese chestnut and backcross generations in a commercial nursery. Forests, 6(5), 1537-1556
[7] Singh, B., Bhatt, B.P., & Prasad, P. (2004). Effect of seed source and temperature on seed germination of Celtis australis L.: A Promising Agroforestry Tree- Crop of Central Himmalaya, India. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 14(1), 53-60.
[8] Adebisi, M.A., Kehinde, T.O., Salau, A.W., Okesola, L.A., Porbeni, J.B.O., Esuruoso, A.O., & Oyekale, K.O. (2013). Influence of different seed size fractions on seed germination, seedling emergence and seed yield characters in tropical soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). International Agriculture Journal, 8(1), 26-33.
 [9] Aigbe, H.I., Fredrick, C., & Omokhua, G.E. (2016). Effect of seed source on germination and early seedling growth of Heinsia crinita (Afzel.) G. Taylor. Applied Tropical Agriculture, 1(3), 180-185.
[10] Doffou Akaffou, S., Kouassi Kouame, A., Boh Gore, N.B., Yao Abessika, G., Kouassi, H.K., Hamon, P., Sabatier, S., & Duminil, J. (2021). Effect of the seeds provenance and treatment on the germination rate and plants growth of four forest trees species of Côted’Ivoire. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(7), 161-169.
[11] Seyedi, N., & Zeynali Yadegari, L. (2019). Effect of altitude on seed germination and biomass of Quercus brantii. Journal of Forest Research and Development, 5(3), 405-417.
[12] Nadi, H., Tabandeh Saravi, A., & Kiani, B. (2017). Seed source and parental tree effects on germination rate and seedling growth of Acer monspessulanum (case study: Chenarnaz forest in Southern of Yazd province). Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 25(1), 123-134. (in Persian)
[13] Ginwal, H.S., Phartyal, S.S., Rawat, P.S., & Srivastava, R.L. (2005). Seed source variation in morphology, Germination and seedling growth of Jatropha curcas Linn. in central India. Silvae Genetica, 54(2), 76-80.
[14] Vihera Aarnio, A., & Heikkila, R. (2006). Effect of the latitude of seed origin on moose browsing on silver birch (Betula pendula). Forest Ecology and Management, 229(3), 325-332.
[15] Yisau, J.A., Fadebi, S.T., Ojekunle, O.O., & Salami, K.D. (2023). Effect of seed size and source variation on germination potentials of Anacardium occidentale (Linnaeus) seeds. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 5(3), 1-4.
[16] Baskin, C.C., & Baskin, J.M. (2014). Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, San Diego.
[17] Shafizadeh, F., Rezaei, Gh., Yazdian, F., & Hedayati, M.A. (2014). The Effect of altitude changes on physical and physiological characteristics of Alnus Subcordata C.A. Mey. Case study Vaz forestry plan series 1. Iranian Journal of Natural Ecosystems, 5(1), 15-21. (in Persian)
[18] Lembiz, M., Olejniczak, P., Zukowski, W. & Bogdanowicz, A. (2011). Effect of mother plant age on germination and size of seeds and seedlings in the perennial sedge Carex secalina (Cyperaceae). Flora - Morphology, Distribution. Functional Ecology of Plants. 206(2), 158-163.
[19] Cecil, P., & Fare, D. (2004). Provenance and production location affects growth and quality of Quercus phellos and Q. shumardii seedlings. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 22(4), 202-208.