ارزیابی اثرات بلندمدت کوبیدگی خاک بر ترمیم خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک و استقرار زادآوری در مسیرهای چوبکشی جنگل‌های حوزة شیرگاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2024.378714.1299

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، مطالعة فرآیندهای بازیابی مسیرهای چوبکشی شتاب بیشتری گرفته است. بنابراین، مطالعة حاضر به‌دنبال این است که آیا بازیابی کامل مشخصه‌های خاک و زادآوری طبیعی گونه‌های درختی در مسیرهای چوبکشی صورت گرفته ‌است یا خیر. به‌منظور دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش، چهار مسیر چوبکشی با کلاسة سنی 5، 15، 25 و 35 سال براساس آخرین سالی که عملیات چوبکشی در مسیرها صورت گرفته بود، انتخاب شدند. هر مسیر چوبکشی با کلاسة سنی معین با 3 تکرار در جنگل انتخاب و در هر مسیر چوبکشی 3 کلاسة شدت ترافیک کم، متوسط و شدید مشخص شد. در مجموع در مسیرهای چوبکشی 72 نمونه خاک و در منطقة شاهد 24 نمونه خاک برداشت شد. برای ارزیابی وضعیت زادآوری در مسیرهای چوبکشی، در هر شدت ترافیک، به‌صورت تصادفی یک پلات به ابعاد 40 متر مربع پیاده شد. در تمامی مسیرهای چوبکشی با افزایش شدت ترافیک از کم به زیاد، جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک، مقاومت به نفوذ و تخلخل ریز افزایش یافته است، درحالی‌که تخلخل کل، تخلخل درشت و درصد رطوبت خاک با افزایش شدت ترافیک از کم به زیاد، کاهش داشته‌اند. زادآوری طبیعی تمام گونه‌های موجود در مسیرهای چوبکشی و جنگل طبیعی تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. یافته‌ها تأیید می‌کنند که نرخ‌ بازیابی فرایندی طولانی است و زمان بیشتری از 35 سال برای بهبودی کامل خصوصیات فیزیکی لازم است. از آنجا که جنگل‌های هیرکانی کانون‌های تنوع زیستی هستند، مدیران جنگل باید توجه ویژه‌ای به عملیات برداشت مکانیزة چوب در این مناطق داشته باشند، زیرا احیای خاک‌های جنگلی فشرده، چندین دهه طول می‌کشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of long-term soil compaction impacts on the restoration of soil physical properties and regeneration in skid trails of the Shirgah forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeb Seifi Ghadi 1
  • Meghdad Jourgholami 1
  • Mohammad Jafari 2
1 Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Region, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent years, the study of recovery processes of skid trails has gained momentum. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term effects of soil compaction on the recovery of soil physical properties and regeneration in skid trails. In this research, four skid trails with age classes of 5, 15, 25 and 35 years were selected based on the last year when logging was done on the skids. Each age class was randomly selected with 3 repetitions, and three traffic intensities—low, medium, and heavy—were identified on each skid trail. In total, 72 soil samples were collected from skid trails and 24 soil samples from a control area. To evaluate regeneration on the skid trails, a plot of 40 m² was randomly established in each traffic intensity. Within each plot, regeneration was assessed by determining the species type and counting the number of seedlings of each species. Across all skid trails, bulk density, penetration resistance, and micro-porosity increased, while total porosity, macro-porosity, and soil moisture decreased with increasing traffic intensity from low to high. The natural regeneration of all species differed significantly between the skid trails and the natural forest. The findings confirm that the recovery rate is a long process and more time than 35 years is required for the full recovery of physical characteristics. Since the Hyrcanian forests are biodiversity hotspots, forest managers should pay special attention to mechanized wood harvesting operations in these areas, as the recovery of compacted soils requires decades.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest harvesting
  • Ground-based logging
  • Natural recovery
  • Natural regeneration
  • Skid trail

مراجع

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 77، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 201-215

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