اندازه‌گیری تنوع ساختاری توده‌های جنگلی ارس و بنه (مطالعة موردی: ناحیة رویشی ایرانی-تورانی، آذربایجان شرقی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران.

2 مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران،‌ ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2024.373745.1286

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف کمی‌سازی ساختار توده‌های جنگلی ارس و بنه انجام شد. بدین‌منظور، تودة بنه (Pistacia atlantica) در جزیرة اسلامی و تودة ارس (Juniperus excelsa) در منطقة کاغذکنان درنظر گرفته شدند و در هرکدام، یک قطعه‌نمونة مربعی شکل دائمی یک‌هکتاری به‌طور تصادفی پیاده شد. متغیرهای کمی قطر برابر سینه (DBH) و یقه، ارتفاع، قطر بزرگ تاج و قطرعمود بر آن برای تمام درختان اندازه‌گیری شد. الگوی پراکنش مکانی درختان با روش فاصله-آزیموت و تنوع ساختاری با استفاده از شاخص‌های مبتنی بر آمیختگی گونه‌ای، ابعاد درختان و موقعیت مکانی آنها بر اساس روش نزدیک‌ترین چهار همسایه تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد در قطعه‌نمونة بنه، بیشترین فراوانی گونه‌ای شامل Pistacia atlantica و Ephedra major و در قطعه نمونة ارس، Juniperus excelsa و Cotoneaster nummularioides بود. میانگین DBH و سطح تاج‌پوشش در رویشگاه ارس 4 سانتی­متر و 1195 متر مربع و در رویشگاه بنه 22 سانتی­ متر  و 5/569 متر مربع بود. میانگین شاخص آمیختگی 0/31 و 0/502 به‌ترتیب نشان‌دهندة آمیختگی گونه‌ای کم در تودة بنه و آمیختگی زیاد در تودة ارس بود. در هر دو توده اختلاف سطح تاج درختان زیاد و اختلاف ارتفاع درختان متوسط بود. مقدار متوسط فاصله 2/8 و 7/4 متر به‌ترتیب نشان داد که تودة ارس، متراکم و تودة بنه، تنک بود. ارزیابی نهایی نشان داد، تنوع ساختاری هر دو توده زیاد، اما تنوع ساختاری ارس (0/539) نسبت به بنه (0/459) در سطح معنی‌داری (5 درصد) بیشتر بود که اهمیت آمیختگی گونه‌ای در تنوع ساختاری را نمایان ساخت. اطلاعات به‌دست آمده، ابزار مهمی برای دخالت‌های پرورشی در توده، پایش و ارزیابی کارآمدی مدیریتی محسوب می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantification of structural diversity of Pistacia atlantica Desf. and Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. forest stands (Case study: Irano-Turanian region, East Azerbaijan, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raheleh Ostadhashemi 1
  • Khosro Sagheb-Talebi 2
  • Akbar Abdi Ghazi Jahani 1
  • Javad Sheikhzadeh 1
1 Forests and Rangelands Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.
2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This research aimed to quantify the structure of juniper and pistachio forest stands. To achieve this, two one-hectare sample plots were randomly selected: Pistacia atlantica in the Eslami Island region and Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. in the Kaghazkonan region. Quantitative measurements included diameter at breast height (DBH), collar diameter, tree height, and crown diameter for all trees. The spatial pattern of the two stands was analyzed using the distance-azimuth method, and structural diversity was assessed in terms of species mingling, tree dimensions, and spatial position based on the four nearest neighbors method. The results showed that the most abundant species were P. atlantica and Ephedra major in plot 1, and J. excelsa and Cotoneaster nummularioides in plot 2. The average DBH and canopy cover were 22 cm and 569.5 m² in plot 1, and 4 cm and 1195 m² in plot 2, respectively. Species mingling was low in plot 1 (0.31), while plot 2 had higher mingling (0.5). Additionally, crown area differentiation was high, while height differentiation was intermediate in both stands. The mean distances between trees, 7.4 m in plot 1 and 2.8 m in plot 2, indicated sparse and dense stands, respectively. The assessment of structural diversity showed high values for both stands, with plot 2 (0.539) having significantly higher diversity than plot 1 (0.459). This highlights the importance of species mixture in the structural diversity of forest stands. This information serves as an important tool for silvicultural interventions, monitoring, and evaluating forest stand management effectiveness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crown area differentiation
  • Forest structure
  • Spatial pattern
  • Species mingling

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 77، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 97-110

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