مطالعة شمارش کروموزومی و ارزیابی برخی ویژگی‌های کاریوتایپی تعدادی ازگونه‌های چوبی جنگل‌های هیرکانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌شناسی، مؤسسة تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2024.370296.1275

چکیده

انجام مطالعات سیتوژنتیکی در گونه‌های گیاهی و همچنین جمعیت‌های متعلق به آنها، به‌ویژه گیاهان وحشی و بومی، به‌دلیل فراهم کردن اطلاعات کمی درمورد تاریخچة تکاملی گیاه، تعیین قرابت‌های بین گونه‌ها، تعیین مشخصات کاریولوژیکی و غیره از اهمیت فوق‌العاده‌ای برخوردار است. در این پژوهش، شمارش کروموزومی و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های کاریوتایپی پنج گونة چوبی متعلق به سه خانوادة Ulmaceae ،Cornaceae و Rhamnacae در جنگل‌های هیرکانی مطالعه شد. مطالعات کروموزومی با استفاده از مریستم نوک ریشه به روش کلاسیک انجام شد. براساس نتایج، تمام گونه‌های مورد مطالعه دیپلوئید بودند. اعداد کروموزومی سه گونة سیاه‌ال (Cornus australis) (2n=2x=22)، تنگرس (Rhamnus sintenisii) (2n=2x=26) و آزاد (Zelkova carpinifolia) (2n=2x=28) برای اولین بار از جهان گزارش می‌شوند. همچنین، دو گونة ملج (Ulmus glabra) و اوجا (U. minor) با عدد کروموزومی (2n=2x=28) برای اولین بار از فلور ایران گزارش می ­شوند. از نظر طول کروموزومی، کوچک‌ترین طول کروموزوم (0/9 میکرومتر) در تنگرس و بزرگ­ترین آن (2/34 میکرومتر) در ملج مشاهده شد. کروموزوم ­ها در سه گونة تنگرس، ملج و آزاد از نوع متاسانتریک و ساب­متاسانتریک بودند. در اوجا، علاوه بر کروموزوم‌های فوق، کروموزوم‌های ساب-تلوسانتریک نیز مشاهده شدند. سیاه‌ال نیز دارای کروموزوم­ های متاسانتریک به دو فرم M و m بود. از نظر تقارن، کروموزوم‌های سه گونة تنگرس، اوجا و آزاد در طبقة 2A، سیاه‌ال در طبقة 1A و اوجا در طبقة 3A قرار داشتند. با توجه به محدودیت مطالعات مشابه در گونه‌های جنگلی، انجام این پژوهش در شناسایی ویژگی‌های سیتوژنتیکی گونه‌های مورد مطالعه نقش مهمی ایفا می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring chromosome numbers and evaluation of some karyotypic characteristics of selected woody species from the Hyrcanian forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parisa Panahi
  • Maryam Hasaninejad
  • Maedeh Fadaei Khojasteh
  • Fereshteh Asadi-Corom
  • Adel Jalili
Botany Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Cytogenetic investigations in plant species, particularly wild and native plants, are crucial for understanding their evolutionary history, establishing species relationships, and determining karyological features. This study delves into chromosome counting and evaluation of karyotypic characteristics of five woody species belonging to three families: Ulmaceae, Cornaceae, and Rhamnaceae within the Hyrcanian Forests. Root tip meristem was used for chromosomal studies by classical methods. The results revealed that all studied species were diploid. The chromosome numbers of three species, Cornus australis (2n=2x=22), Rhamnus sintenisii (2n=2x=26), and Zelkova carpinifolia (2n=2x=28) were documented for the first time in the world. Additionally, two species of Ulmus glabra and U. minor with a chromosomal number (2n=2x=28) were reported for the first time in Iran. Concerning chromosomal length, R. sintenisii displayed the smallest chromosome length (0.9 µm), while U. glabra exhibited the largest (2.34 µm). The chromosomes in three species, R. sintenisii, U. glabra, and Z. carpinifolia were of the metacentric and sub-metacentric types. U. minor presented sub-telocentric chromosomes in addition to the mentioned types, and C. australis displayed metacentric chromosomes in two forms, M and m. Regarding symmetry, chromosomes in three species, R. sintenisii, U. minor, and Z. carpinifolia were classified as 2A, C. australis as 1A, and U. minor as 3A. Given the scarcity of similar studies on forest species, this research significantly contributes to identifying the cytogenetic characteristics of the examined species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chromosome number
  • Forest trees
  • Hyrcanian forests
  • Karyotype
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