تأثیر ویژگی‌های ساختاری جنگل بر برخی مشخصه‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در توده‌های جنگلی استان کردستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور

5 پژوهشگر، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

چکیده

ویژگی‌های ساختاری توده‌های جنگلی بر خاک جنگل تأثیر دارد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تغییر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی در رویشگاه‌های جنگلی بلوط با ساختار متفاوت در استان کردستان بود. چهار قطعه ‌نمونۀ یک‌هکتاری (با ابعاد 100×100 متر) در رویشگاه‌های جنگلی بلوط شهرستان‌های بانه (دو رویشگاه)، مریوان و سروآباد (هر کدام یک رویشگاه) انتخاب و در هر قطعه نمونه، ویژگی‌های کمّی و ساختاری درختان در این رویشگاه‌ها برداشت شد. سپس در هر قطعه ‌نمونۀ یک‌هکتاری، هفت نمونه خاک از عمق 10-0 سانتی‌متری برداشت (در کل 28 نمونه) و متغیرهای فیزیکی- شیمیایی آنها اندازه‌گیری شد. از تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی برای گروه‌بندی هفت مشخصۀ فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک به عامل‌های آماری اصلی استفاده شد. نتایج آزمون تجزیۀ واریانس یکطرفه نشان‌دهندۀ اختلاف معنی‌دار ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک (غیر از نیتروژن و هدایت الکتریکی) در چهار رویشگاه است. نتایج نشان داد که رویشگاه‌های جنگلی با ساختار شاخه‌زاد جوان (با تراکم و درصد تاج‌پوشش بیشتر) سبب افزایش کربن آلی (15/3 درصد)، پتاسیم قابل جذب (37/5 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، فسفر قابل جذب (5/10 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، هدایت الکتریکی (483 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و رطوبت وزنی خاک (95/9 درصد) می‌شوند. نتایج تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های اول و دوم 27/90 درصد تغییرات رویشگاه‌ها را در بر می‌گیرند. با توجه به تأثیر مثبت توده‌های جنگلی با ساختار شاخه‌زاد جوان (همسال و ناهمسال) بر خاک جنگل، پیشنهاد می‌شود در توده‌های شاخه‌زاد با تراکم کمتر از 150 پایه در هکتار، اقدام احیا و توسعه جنگل شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of forest structure on some physical and chemical soil properties in the forests stands of Kurdistan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maziar Haidari 1
  • تیموری Teimouri 2
  • Mehdi Pourhashemi 3
  • Tahereh Alizadeh 4
  • Seyed Mohamad Khaled Hedayateypour 5
1 Assistant Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor., Department of Forest, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, AREEO, Tehran, I.R. Iran
3 3Assoc., Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran
4 Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland
5 Researcher, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Structural properties of forest stand affect forest soil and soil characteristics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changing of soil physical and chemical properties under different forest structure in Kurdistan province. At first, four one-hectare (with dimensions of 100 × 100 m) plots were selected in Baneh (two stands), Marivan and Sarvabad (one stand) and structural characteristics of stands were determined. Seven soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm in each site (a total of 28 soil samples) and the physical and chemical were measured. Results of one-way analysis of variance test show a significant difference in most of the physical and chemical properties of soil (except nitrogen and electrical conductivity) in the four stands. The results showed that forest stand with young coppice structure (with higher canopy percentage ) increased organic carbon (3.15%), absorbable potassium (5.37 mg/kg), absorbable phosphorus (10.5 mg/kg), electrical conductivity (483 d s m-1) and soil moisture content (9.95%) in compere of another site. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first and second components account for 90.27% of site changes and the first component includes electrical conductivity and potassium variables and the second component includes absorbable phosphorus, organic carbon and weight moisture. Considering the positive effect of forest stand with young coppice structure (with higher canopy percentage and higher tree density) on the forest soil, it is recommended to regenerate and develop the forest in coppice stands with a density of less than 150 tree in hectare.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Young unaged coppice forest
  • old same-aged coppice forest
  • forest structure
  • stand canopy
  • Principal component analysis
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