بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی گردوی ایرانی Juglans regia با استفاده از صفات کمی و کیفی رشد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بانک ژن منابع طبیعی ایران، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس بانک ژن منابع طبیعی ایران، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گردوی ایرانی (Juglans regia L.) از مهم‌ترین گونه‌های اقتصادی است که به‌دلیل تولید میوه و کیفیت مطلوب چوب در سراسر جهان کشت می‌شود. گردو به‌دلیل تکثیر زایشی و دگرگرده‌افشانی دارای تنوع ژنتیکی زیادی است. در این پژوهش تنوع ژنتیکی گردو از نظر عملکرد تولید چوب بررسی شد. در سال 1378 بذور درختان خوش‌فرم از مجموعه باغ‌های سه منطقۀ کرج (10 نمونه)، بافت (22 نمونه) و اصفهان (22 نمونه) جمع‌آوری و در مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور کشت شد. در دو سال 1396 و 1397، صفات رویشی درختان 17 و 18 سالۀ کلکسیون گردو شامل قطر در ارتفاع 30 سانتی‌متری، کیفیت شکل تنه، ارتفاع درخت، سطح تاج‌پوشش، قطر برابرسینه، حجم چوب تولیدی و میانگین رشد طولی سالانه مقایسه شد. آنالیز واریانس صفات رویشی بررسی‌شدۀ درختان با منشأ کرج، بافت و اصفهان نشان داد که بین مناطق از نظر صفات کیفیت شکل تنه، سطح تاج‌پوشش و قطر برابر‌سینه تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد. همچنین شکل تنۀ درختان با منشأ بافت نسبت به درختان با منشأ کرج و اصفهان مستقیم‌تر و استوانه‌ای‌تر بود. بررسی صفات رویشی توده‌های مختلف نشان داد که درختان بافت ارتفاع (27/3 متر)، سطح تاج‌پوشش (47/7 متر مربع) و رشد طولی سالانۀ (77/17 سانتی‌متر) بیشتری از دیگر مناطق دارند. مقایسۀ میانگین قطر برابرسینه نشان داد که درختان با منشأ کرج، قطر بیشتری (37/9 سانتی‌متر) دارند. گروه‌بندی با آزمون تجزیۀ خوشه‌ای UPGMA ژنوتیپ‌ها را در دو گروه متفاوت قرار داد. مقادیر اندازه‌گیری‌شدۀ همۀ صفات به‌جز ارتفاع ژنوتیپ‌های گروه اول بیش از مقادیر گروه دوم بود. چوب تولیدی ژنوتیپ‌های گروه دوم کیفیت بهتری نسبت به گروه اول نشان داد. این تفاوت‌ها در صفات مختلف با توجه به شرایط محیطی یکسان محل کاشت، ناشی تنوع ژنتیکی است که برای اصلاح گردو می‌توان از آنها استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of genetic diversity of Juglans regia using quantitative and qualitative growth traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvin Salehi Shanjani 1
  • Mohammad Dadmand 2
  • Seyed Esmaeil Seyedian 2
  • Leyla Rasoulzadeh 2
  • Leyla Falah Hoseini 2
  • Masomeh Ramazani Yeganeh 2
  • Mahmoud Amirkhani 2
  • Mohammad Reza Pahlevani 2
1
2 Researcher, Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an economically important species cultivated worldwide for its wood and nuts. Walnut has high genetic diversity due to sexual reproduction and cross-pollination. In this study, the Genetic diversity of walnut was investigated from the wood production viewpoint. In 1999, the walnut seeds of straight and good quality trunk mother trees of three regions including Karaj (10 seeds), Baft (22 seeds) and Isfahan (22 seeds) were planted in the Forests and Rangelands Research Institute, Iran. During 1996 and 1997, the vegetative traits of 17-18 years old walnut trees, including collar diameter at 30 cm height, stem shape quality, tree height, canopy area, diameter at breast height, wood volume production and mean annual height growth were studied. Analysis of variance of studied traits indicated that there was a significant difference between regions in stem shape, canopy area and diameter at breast height. Study of different regions showed that the trees with Baft origin had higher height (3.27 m), canopy area (7.47 m2) and mean annual height growth (17.77 cm) than other Regions. However trees with Karaj origin had higher diameter at breast height (9.37 cm). The UPGMA dendrogram grouped genotypes into two groups. Genotypes of group 1 had higher wood production; however genotypes of group 2 showed higher wood quality. The results indicate considerable genetic variation among genotypes that can be useful in walnut breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic diversity
  • morphological traits
  • Persian walnut
  • wood quality

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 74، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 209-221

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