مقایسه عناصر شیمیایی تاج‌بارش و لاشه‌ریزی در توده‌های دست‌کاشت بلند‌مازو (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) و کاج رادیاتا (Pinus radiate D. Don) (مطالعه موردی: جنگل‌های چوب و کاغذ مازندران، ساری)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

عناصر غذایی در زی­توده روزمینی از طریق تاج­­بارش و لاشه­ریزی به خاک بر می­گردند و از ورودی عناصر غذایی به بوم‌سازگان­های جنگل در مدت طولانی حفاظت می­کنند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تغییرات عناصر شیمیایی تاج­بارش و لاشه­ریزی در توده­های دست­کاشت بلند­مازو (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) و کاج رادیاتا (Pinus radiate D. Don) بود. به­منظور اندازه­گیری غلظت و ورودی عناصر در تاج­بارش، در هر توده 36 عدد جمع­آوری­کننده تاج­بارش نصب شد. ترکیب شیمیایی تاج­بارش شامل اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، نیترات، آمونیوم، فسفات و پتاسیم به­صورت فصلی (پاییز، زمستان، بهار و تابستان)، اندازه­گیری شد. به­منظور اندازه­گیری ورودی عناصر از طریق لاشه­ریزی، نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم و کربن به شکل فصلی (پاییز، زمستان، بهار و تابستان) نیز اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت عناصر موجود در تاج­بارش در بهار و تابستان به­طور معنی­داری (05/0>p) بیشتر از زمستان و پاییز بود. در رابطه با ورودی عناصر به­وسیله تاج­بارش نیز میزان ورودی عناصر در توده بلندمازو بیشتر از کاج رادیاتا بود. ورودی عناصر از طریق لاشه­ریزی نیز در توده بلندمازو به­طور معنی­داری (05/0>p) بیشتر از کاج رادیاتا بود. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که نوع گونه درختی و تغییرات تاج­پوشش و فصول مختلف سال می­تواند ترکیب شیمیایی و میزان ورودی عناصر را به­وسیله تاج­بارش و لاشه­ریزی در توده­های جنگلی دچار تغییر نماید که در این رابطه گونه بلندمازو تمایل بیشتری به بازگشت عناصر به خاک از طریق تاج­بارش و لاشه­ریزی نشان داد. این نتیجه می­تواند توجه مراکز اجرایی را به اهمیّت گونه­های بومی در احیاء و بازسازی مناطق تخریب شده جلب نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison changes of chemical elements of throughfall and litterfall in oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) and pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azam Noraiy 1
  • Hamid Jalilvand or Djalilvand 2
  • Seyed Mohammad Hojjati 3
  • Seyed Jalil Alavi 4
1 Ph.D., Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, I. R. Iran.
2 Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, I. R. Iran.
3 Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, I. R. Iran.
4 Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I. R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nutrients in aboveground biomass return to soil through throughfall and litterfall. The present study was carried out to investigate the seasonal variation concentration and input of chemical throughfall and litterfall nutrients in oak (Quercus castaneifolia) and pine (Pinus radiata) plantations. For the sampling of canopy throughfall, 36 collectors were installed at fixed positions in the forest floor. Throughfall samples were measured seasonally (autumn, winter, spring, summer) for pH, EC, potassium, nitrate, phosphate and ammonium. Litterfall and the soil litter layer were analyzed seasonally (autumn, winter, spring, summer) for N, phosphorus, potassium and carbon. The highest amount of throughfall was in winter and the lowest were in summer. The concentrations of ammonium, potassium and phosphorus were generally higher in the growing season than in the dormant season (p < 0.05). The lower amount of these nutrients was in the winter. The concentration of nitrogen was significantly higher in throughfall of both stands in summer. In relation to the nutrient inputs by throughfall and litterfall in the oak was higher than the pine (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that the type of tree species and changes of canopy cover and different seasons can change the chemical composition and amount of elemental inputs by throughfall and litterfall in forest ecosystem, and oak species show a greater tendency to return elements to the soil through throughfall and litterfall. This result could draw the attention of executive centers to the importance native species in the restoration and rebuilding of destroyed areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nutrient Returns
  • Throughfall
  • Plantation
  • Litterfall
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