تعیین شاخص‏های مؤثر بر توسعة صادرات مبلمان چوبی ایران با روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله‏مراتبی (AHP)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد صنایع چوب و کاغذ، گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 دکتری مدیریت مبلمان و صنایع چوب، مدرس دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تجارت خارجی نقش چشمگیری در توسعة اقتصادی دارد که برخی آن را موتور یا سوخت رشد اقتصادی، برخی آن را روغن ماشین رشد، و برخی عامل تشدید نابرابری‏های بین‏المللی می‏دانند. در نظریه‏های کلاسیک تجارت بین‏المللی، صادرات مشخصۀ تجارت خارجی است. با توجه به محدودیت‏ها و موانع متعددی که برای صادرات نفتی وجود دارد کشورها به‏دنبال صادرات کالاهای غیر‏‏نفتی خود هستند. یکی از این کالاها صنایع چوب و مبلمان است که با توجه به سهم نزدیک به 2 درصدی این صنعت در تجارت جهانی، و همچنین تاریخچه و پتانسیل‏های بالقوۀ این صنعت در ایران، رشد و توسعۀ این صنعت و فراهم‏آوردن زمینۀ حضور هدفمند آن در بازارهای جهانی می‏تواند تأثیر به‏سزایی در افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی و کسب درآمدهای غیر‏نفتی برای کشور داشته باشد. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین شاخص‏های مؤثر بر توسعۀ صادرات مبلمان چوبی کشور به‏روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله‏مراتبی و با تصمیم‏گیری گروهی است. برای این منظور، پس از مطالعۀ اولیه و مصاحبه با عده‏ای از صاحبان صنایع مبلمان و کارشناسان مرتبط، شاخص‏های تأثیرگذار به شش گروه اصلی و 48 زیرشاخص تقسیم شدند. درجۀ اهمیت شاخص‏ها و زیر‏شاخص‏ها پس از اخذ آرای کارشناسان با فرایند تحلیل سلسله‏مراتبی و با نرم‏افزار اکسپرت چویس 2000 تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد شاخص‏های مواد و محصول و اقتصاد و بازار در سطح اصلی دارای بالاترین ارزش وزنی‏اند. همچنین، از بین 48 زیر‏شاخص، عرضۀ پایدار مواد اولیه، توسعۀ بازاریابی استراتژیک، تأمین منابع پولی ارزان‏قیمت و کم‏بهره، شرکت در نمایشگاه‏های بین‏المللی، کنترل کیفیت، مواد اولیۀ مرغوب، و سیستم بانکی توانمند به‏ترتیب بالاترین اولویت را داشتند. با توجه به سیاست‏گذاری‏ها و تصمیم‌های دولت در حوزه‏های مواد اولیۀ چوبی، نظام پولی و بانکی و زیرساخت‏های بازاریابی و همراهی کامل دولت با صنعت مبلمان برای حفظ توان تولید و رقابت صنعت مبلمان ایران در گام اول، و دستیابی به پتانسیل حضور در بازارهای صادراتی در گام دوم، شروط لازم برای حضور این صنعت در بازارهای جهانی محسوب می‏شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determine the Parameters Affecting the Development of Iran's Exports of Wooden Furniture Using Analytic hierarchy Process (AHP)

نویسندگان [English]

  • hassan alizadeh 1
  • Mehdi Faezipoor 2
  • Majid Azizi 3
  • Mohsen Ziaie 4
1 MSc Student Wood and Paper Science, University of Tehran, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, University of Tehran Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, University of Tehran Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj, Iran
4 PhD, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Foreign trade has a significant role in economic development that some of experts know it as an
engine or fuel for economic growth and other know it as growth car oil and some consider it as
international inequalities exacerbated factors. In the classical theory of international trade, export
characteristic foreign trade. Given the limitations and barriers that exist for oil exports, the countries
are seeking to non-oil exports that one of these products are Wood and Furniture industry. And nearly
2 percent share of considering in world trade this industry, and also the history and potential of this
industry in Iran, Development of this industry and provide meaningful presence in international
markets can impact on growth GDP and was earn non-oil income for the country. The aim of this
study is determination of the effective Indexes on development of export Iran furniture industry using
Group Decision Making method. For this purpose, after preliminary investigation, preparatory
observation, and an interview with some of the furniture producers and relevant experts, effective
criteria were divided into six major groups and as well as 48 sub-criteria. Since getting expert's
opinions via questionnaire, the priority rates of obtained criteria and sub-criteria were determined by
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that Raw materials & product and market &
economy criteria have the highest weighting values at the first level. In addition among 48 effective
sub-criteria, sustainable supply of raw materials, development of strategic marketing, improving
financing systems and low interest, participation in international exhibitions, quality control, durable
raw materials and capable banking system have highest priorities weighting values, respectively.
considering government policies and decisions in the fields of raw materials wooden, currency and
banking, and marketing infrastructures, Complete accompany government with the furniture industry,
to maintain the be generated and competitiveness of furniture industry Iran first step, And access to
potential export markets presence the second step, a necessary condition is considered for the presence
of this industry in world markets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foreign Trade
  • group decision-making
  • export furniture industry
  • AHP

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