تولید و هزینه عملیات قطع درخت با اره موتوری (مطالعه موردی: سری گرازبن جنگل خیرود)

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

قطع شامل تمام فعالیت‌های انجام گرفته برای انداختن درختان سرپا و آماده نمودن آنها برای چوبکشی است. این پژوهش در سری گرازبن جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی خیرود انجام شده است. از اهداف این پژوهش، اندازه‌گیری زمان قطع درخت، تولید، هزینه و بدست آوردن مدل رگرسیونی زمان قطع با مطالعه زمانی پیوسته است. متغیرهای مختلفی مانند زمان کار قطع درخت، فاصله بین درختان، گونه‌های درختی، قطر درخت، شیب طولی مسیر طی شده بین درختان و شیب عرضی کنار کنده اندازه‏گیری شدند. زمان صرف غذا و استراحت کارگران، بیشترین زمان تشکیل دهنده یک سیکل بوده و بعد از آن به‌ترتیب زمان بن‌زنی و زمان حرکت به سمت درخت قرار دارد. نتایج نشان داد که زمان بن‌زنی و بن‌بری با افزایش قطر افزایش می‌یابد. هزینه‌های کارگری 44 درصد هزینه‌های ساعتی را تشکیل می‌دهد در حالی‌که تنها 2 درصد هزینه‌ها مربوط به هزینه ثابت ماشین است. بین زمان خالص قطع درخت و قطر درخت رابطه خطی معنی‌داری وجود دارد و با افزایش قطر، تولید به صورت رابطه توانی افزایش می‏یابد. همچنین هزینه واحد تولید با احتساب زمان‌های تاخیر و بدون احتساب آن، برای قطع درخت به ترتیب برابر 10316 و 9062 ریال بر مترمکعب به‌دست آمد. با افزایش قطر، هزینه قطع برای هر درخت افزایش می‌یابد که این افزایش به صورت رابطه توانی است. هرچند، هزینه واحد تولید چوب قطع شده با افزایش قطر کمتر می‌شود و به‌صورت یک تابع توانی کم‌شونده است. به طور میانگین هر سیکل کار قطع درخت 65/4 دقیقه زمان صرف می‌نماید که 08/4 دقیقه آن را زمان ...

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Production and Costs of motor-manual tree felling in Hyrcanian forest

نویسندگان [English]

  • x x 1
  • x x 2
  • x x 3
چکیده [English]

Tree felling includes all activities undertaken to fell standing trees and prepare them for extraction. This study was conducted in Gorazbon district in the Hyrcanian forest. The objectives of the study were to discover the special characteristics in the time consumption of manual tree felling, productivity and costs, and develop regression model of tree felling in selection conditions. The continuous time study was conducted with professional operators for chain-saw felling and the cycles were broken down into time elements. Different variables were measured such as time consumption, inter-tree distance, tree species, tree volume, and tree diameter. Rest and meal time of working crew was the most time-consuming element in felling, followed by under-cut and walk-to-tree times. The operational delay was the most time-consuming delay time. The results showed that time consumption for under-cut and backcut was increased with increasing diameter. Labor costs accounted for 44 % of the hourly cost while only 2 % was related to machine cost. A significant linear relationship was found between cycle time and diameter. Productivity of chainsaw felling was increased related to tree DBH as a power function. The cost of chainsaw felling with and without delay time were USD 3.03 and 2.7 per cubic meters, respectively. The cost of felling was increased as simple exponential function when DBH of harvested tree was decreased. However, the unit felling cost for chainsaw operation decreased as size of tree increased. Total felling cycle time without delay averaged 4.1 minutes and with delay time were averag...

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chain-saw
  • Cost
  • Gorazbon forest
  • Production
  • Time Study
  • tree felling
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