بررسی خواص مکانیکی و فیزیکی بایوکامپوزیت‌های میسلیومی قارچ Fomes fomentarius با استفاده از بسترهای لیگنوسلولزی مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 گروه محیط‌ زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2025.392475.1342

چکیده

کامپوزیت ­های میسلیومی به ­عنوان جایگزینی سازگار با محیط­زیست، تجزیه ­پذیر و کم­هزینه برای کامپوزیت­ های سنتی، مورد توجه صنعت و پژوهش قرار گرفته ­اند. این مطالعه، با هدف تحلیل تأثیر سه بستر لیگنوسلولزی متفاوت شامل ساقة پنبه، کاه گندم و ضایعات چوب راش بر خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی بایوکامپوزیت ­های تولیدشده با قارچFomes fomentarius  انجام شد. فرآیند تولید شامل تلقیح بسترها با میسیلیوم قارچ، انکوباسیون در شرایط کنترل­شده و پرس گرم و سرد برای ایجاد ساختار متراکم بود. آزمون­ های فیزیکی (جذب آب، واکشیدگی ضخامت) و مکانیکی (مقاومت خمشی، مدول الاستیسیتة خمشی، چسبندگی داخلی) مطابق استانداردهای EN انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد بایوکامپوزیت خرده‌ساقة پنبه با دارا بودن بالاترین ضریب ­کشیدگی (54/78) و سطح ویژة بالاتر ذرات، شبکة پیوسته­ تری از ریسه‌های قارچ تشکیل داد که منجر به ایجاد مقاومت خمشی (6/26 مگاپاسکال)، مدول الاستیسیتة خمشی (1/31 گیگاپاسکال) و چسبندگی داخلی (0/21 مگاپاسکال) مناسب شد. در مقابل، بایوکامپوزیت چوب راش به‌دلیل ضخامت بالای ذرات و حفرات ساختاری بزرگ، کمترین مقاومت مکانیکی را نشان داد. جذب آب و واکشیدگی ضخامت نیز تحت تأثیر ماهیت آبدوستی بسترها و تراکم ساختاری قرار گرفت و بایوکامپوزیت کاه گندم با جذب آب 92/77 درصدی، بالاترین و بایوکامپوزیت چوب راش با 54/44درصدی، کمترین مقدار را ثبت کردند. واکشیدگی ضخامت نیز روند مشابهی داشت. یافته ­ها تأکید می­ کنند انتخاب بستر با ویژگی‌های فیزیکی-شیمیایی مطلوب، نقش کلیدی در بهینه ­سازی عملکرد کامپوزیت­ های میسیلیومی دارد. با وجود نتایج امیدوارکننده، تحقیقات بین رشته­ ای بیشتری برای بهبود مقاومت­ ها و گسترش کاربردهای صنعتی این مواد زیست ­تخریب­ پذیر نیاز است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of mechanical and physical properties of mycelium-based biocomposites from Fomes fomentarius using different lignocellulosic substrates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razieh Shamsi 1
  • Ali Bayatkashkoli 1
  • Saeid Reza Farukhpayam 1
  • Ali Abdolkhani 2
  • Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam 3
1 Department of Wood and Paper Industries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
2 Department of Wood and Paper Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Mycelium-based biocomposites have attracted significant attention from researchers and industries as sustainable alternatives to traditional composites due to their environmental compatibility, biodegradability, and low production costs. This study investigates the effects of different lignocellulosic substrates—cotton stalks, wheat straw, and beech wood waste—on the mechanical and physical properties of mycelium-based biocomposites produced with the fungus Fomes fomentarius. The production process involved substrate inoculation with fungal mycelium, incubation under controlled conditions, and hot/cold pressing to form dense structures. Physical (water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical tests (bending strength, bending modulus of elasticity, internal bonding strength) were conducted in accordance with EN standards. Results showed that the cotton stalk biocomposite, with the highest aspect ratio (54.78) and specific surface area of particles, formed a more continuous network of fungal hyphae, resulting in adequate bending strength (6.26 MPa), bending modulus of elasticity (1.3 GPa), and internal bonding strength (0.2 MPa). In contrast, the beech wood waste biocomposite showed the lowest mechanical performance due to high particle thickness and larger structural pores. Water absorption and thickness swelling were influenced by substrate hydrophilicity and structural density: wheat straw biocomposite had the highest water absorption (77.92%), while beech wood waste had the lowest (54.44%). This study highlights that selecting substrates with optimal physicochemical properties is crucial for optimizing the performance of mycelium-based composites. However, further interdisciplinary research is needed to enhance resistance and expand industrial applications of these biodegradable materials.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fungal mycelium
  • Fomes fomentarius
  • Lignocellulosic substrate
  • Mechanical and physical properties
  • Mycelium biocomposite

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 78، شماره 2
شهریور 1404
صفحه 133-145

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