آثار کوتاه‌مدت ساخت جوی- پشته بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک مسیرهای چوب‌کشی پس از بهره‌برداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از اقدامات حفاظتی برای کاهش آثار منفی ناشی از کوبیدگی خاک ضروری است. انحراف‌دهنده‌های آب از ابزار مدیریتی برای کاهش اثرهای منفی چوب‌کشی زمینی و کمک به بازیابی خاک است. در این پژوهش، اثر ساخت جوی- پشته‌های احداث‌شده بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک مسیرهای چوب‌کشی در جنگل‌های غرب استان گیلان بررسی شد. هفت سال پس از پایان عملیات چوب‌کشی و حفاظت آنها با احداث جوی-پشته، تغییر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک در دو طبقۀ شیب و سه طبقۀ ترافیک در قطعات نمونۀ 40 متر مربعی در محل رد چرخ و گرده‌بینه ارزیابی شد. نمونه‌های شاهد در فاصلۀ 30 متری از حاشیۀ مسیر چوب‌کشی انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌ها با استفاده از سیلندر تا عمق 10 سانتی‌متر برداشت شد. مقاومت به نفوذ خاک با استفاده از نفوذسنج جیبی (پنترومتر) اندازه‌گیری شد و اندازه‌گیری شیار با استفاده از شاخص 5 متری انجام پذیرفت. تأثیر تغییرات شیب و ترافیک بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک در قالب دو تیمار و سه تکرار و 72 نمونه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که شیب مسیر چوب‌کشی، شدت ترافیک و اثر متقابل این دو تیمار بر جرم مخصوص ظاهری، تخلخل کل، نفوذپذیری و عمق شیار معنی‌دار است. میانگین جرم مخصوص ظاهری، تخلخل کل و مقاومت به نفوذ در شیب زیر 10 درصد و ترافیک کم تفاوت معنی‌داری با منطقۀ شاهد نداشت. در مجموع، نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که هفت سال پس از زمان چوب‌کشی، احداث جوی-پشته‌ها بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک در طبقۀ ترافیک کم و شیب کمتر از 10 درصد تأثیر مثبت داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Short-term effects of water bar construction on soil physical properties of skid trail after logging operation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Hashemi 1
  • Mehrdad Nikooy 2
  • Ali Salehi 2
  • Ramin Naghdi 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, I.R. Iran
2 Assoc., Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, I.R. Iran
3 Department of forestry faculty of natural resources University of Guilan
چکیده [English]

Protective measures are needed to reduce the negative impacts of soil compaction. Water diversions are one of the management tools to reduce the negative impacts of ground skidding and helping soil recovery. In this research, the effects of constructed water bar were studied on the process of soil physical properties recovery in skid trail in west of Guilan. Seven years after logging completion and conservation of skid trail by constructed water bar, changes in soil physical properties were evaluated in two slope classes and three traffic classes in 40 m2 sample plots at wheel tracks and between them. Control samples were selected within 30 m from the edge of the skid trail. Soil samples were collected using a cylinder to a depth of 10 cm. Soil penetration resistance and rut depth were measured by analog hand-held soil penetrometer and rut 5 meter leveling rod, respectively. Influence of slope and traffic changes on soil physical properties was investigated in two treatments, three replications, and 72 samples. The results showed that the slope of the skid trail, traffic intensity and their interaction have significant effective on bulk density, total porosity, penetration resistance and rut depth. Mean bulk density, total porosity and penetration resistance in slope below 10% and low traffic treatment were not significantly different from control area. Overall, the results of study indicated that after log skidding, water bar construction had positive effects on soil physical properties of low slope and traffic trails.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water diversion
  • Soil conservation
  • Bulk density
  • Total prosody
  • Penetration resistance
  • Rut depth

مراجع

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 73، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 213-224

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