[1]. Plieninger, T., Pulido, F., and Schaich, H. (2003). Effects of land-use and landscape structure on holm oak recruitment and regeneration at farm level in Quercus ilex L. dehesas. Journal of Arid Environments, 57 (2004): 345–364.
[2]. Darabant, A., Rai, P., Tenzin, K., Roder, W., and Gratzer. G. (2007). Cattle's grazing facilitates tree regeneration in a conifer forest with palatable bamboo understory. Forest Ecology and Management, 252 (1-3):73–83.
[3]. Harrington, G. (1979). The effects of feral goats and sheeps on shrubs population in a semi-arid woodland. Austo Rangel, 59(1): 30-42.
[4]. Wassie, A., Sterck, J., Teketay, D., and Bongers, F. (2009). Effects of livestock exclusion on tree regeneration in church forests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 257 (3): 756-772.
[5]. Cierjacks, A., and Hansen, I. (2004). Variation of stands structure and vegetation of Mediterranean Holm oak a long a grazing intensity gradient. Plant Ecology, 173 (2): 215-223.
[6]. Pollock, M., Milner, J., Waterhouse, A., Holland, J., and Legg, C. (2005). Future Directions for Integrated Land Use in the Hills - The Hill Sheep & Native Woodland Project.
[7]. DeGomez, T. (2006). Guidelines for thinning ponderosa pine for improved forest health and fire prevention. University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Publication AZ1397. 7 pp.
[8]. Marvie Mohadjer, M. R. (2011). Silviculture. 3th Ed. University of Tehran Press, Tehran.
[9]. Atri, M. (1998). Phytosociology (Plant Sociology), Publication of Forest and Rangeland Research Institute, Tehran.
[10]. Tzanopoulos, J., Mitchley, J., and Pantis, J. (2007). Vegetation dynamics in abandoned crop fields on a Mediterranean island: Development of succession model and estimation of disturbance thresholds. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 120(2-4): 370–376.
[11]. Barnes, B., Zak, R., and Spurr, H. (1997). Forest ecology, 4th Ed, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
[12]. Jorritsma, I., van Hees, A., and Mohren, G. (1999). Forest development in relation to ungulate grazing: a modeling approach, Forest Ecology and Management, 120 (1-3): 23-34.
[13]. Marcial, R., Gonzalez-Spinosa, M., and Williams-linera, G. (2001). Anthropogenic disturbance and tree biodiversity in Montane Rain Forests in Chiapas, Mexico. Forest Ecology and Management,154(3):311-326.
[14]. Gillespie, T., Grijaalava, A., and Farris, C. (2000). Diversity, composition, and structure of tropical dry forests in central America. Plant ecology, 147 (1):37-47.
[15]. Kuiters, A., and Slim, A. (2003). Tree colonisation of abandoned arable land after 27 years of horse-grazing: the role of bramble as a facilitator of oak wood regeneration. Forest Ecology and Management, 181(1-3): 239-251.
[16]. Buffum, B., Grratz, G., and Tenpin, Y. (2009). Forest grazing and natural regeneration in a late succession Broadleaved Community Forest in Bhutan. Mountain Research and development, 29(1): 30-35.
[17]. Matsumoto, M., Honda, K., and Kurogi, J. (1999). Management and yield prediction of kunugi (Quercus acustissina) grazing forests. Journal of Forest Research, 21 (4): 25-30.
[18]. Mashayekhi, Z. (2004). Effects of livestock grazing in quality and quantity of seedlings around cow-pens in Patom district (Kheyroud forest). MS project, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran.74 pp.
[19]. Etemad, V. (2002). Evaluating the qualitative and quantitative changes from the implementation a period forestry project on standing stock in Namkhaneh district (Kheyroud Forest). M. Sc Thesis. Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran. 130 pp.
[20]. Forestry and Forest Economy Department. (2004). Revised forest management plan for Patom District. Natural Resource college of University of Tehran. 105 pp.
[21]. Forestry and Forest Economy Department. (2006). Final report of the Economic and Social Studies watersheds 46 and part of the Watershed 45 (Within the Department of Natural Resources, University of Tehran), Natural Resource college of University of Tehran. 228 pp.
[22]. Nouri. Z., Feghhi. J., and Alavi. J. (2009). Investigation on the sustainability of tree species diversity using common sample plots in forest management planning (Case study: Gorazbon district, Kheyroud Forest). Journal of the Iranian Natural Resource, 61 (4):35-47.
[23]. Alados, C., Pueyo. Y., Giner. M., Navarro. T., Escos. J., Barroso. F., Cabezudo. B., and Elmen, J. (2002). Quantitative characterization of the regressive ecological succession by fractal analysis of plant spatial pattern. Ecological Modeling, 163(1-2): 1-17.