نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران،
2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه
3 گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
4 دانشگاه گنبدکاووس
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This study investigates the spatial structure and distribution patterns of old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) trees within the Baharbon district of Kheyroud Forest, a key area in the Hyrcanian forest ecosystem. Old-growth trees were identified by diameter at breast height (DBH), and plot areas of 0.5 and 1 hectare were established around them for detailed measurement of structural attributes. These included mean DBH, dominant height, species mixture, and spatial distribution, using indices like mixture and uniform angle indices derived from precise spatial data. In total, 310 structural groups were analyzed in beech-dominated forest types and 411 in other-species forest types. Beech was the dominant species with 256 trees in beech forests and 138 in mixed types. Alder trees in the beech forests had the largest average size (mean DBH of 103.4 cm and height of 40.8 m), while hornbeam, prominent in the mixed forest, was smaller. Structural analysis identified two distinct forest groups: one with beech and maple showed complex, heterogeneous structure with high species mixture and variability in diameter and height; the other, including alder, hornbeam, and others, had simpler, more homogeneous features. Statistical tests revealed significant differences in mixture index and height dominance between groups but no difference for other variables. The study highlights the importance of protecting old-growth trees, promoting diverse species composition, and using management strategies that minimize large tree exploitation and support companion species. Such approaches are essential for maintaining the Hyrcanian forests’ ecological functions, stability, and biodiversity over the long term.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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