Monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil in relation to the oak decline phenomenon in the Zagros forests (Case study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran.

2 Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.

3 Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. Head of Forest Research Laboratory (RIFR), Tehran, Iran

4 Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran.

5 Soil and Water Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran.

10.22059/jfwp.2024.372302.1283

Abstract

This study was conducted in the Zagros forests to investigate and monitor the status of elements in the soil and their absorption in areas with and without oak decline. Two plots, each with 100 trees, were randomly established in the south direction in the areas of "Sama Castle" and "White Mud," representing the decline and control (without decline) sites. In the oak decline plot, five healthy and five declining trees were selected, while only five healthy trees were chosen in the control plot. Selection of healthy and declining trees in the first year was done selectively and with proper distribution throughout the sample. In the following years, soil and leaf samples were collected from the selected trees. Soil samples were collected under the tree crowns at two depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm). Additionally, 20 leaves per tree were sampled in late July and early August. The results showed that the amount of phosphorus in the leaves of trees in the both decline and control sites was significantly different at a 99% confidence level. As the intensity of drought increased, the amount of phosphorus in the leaves also increased. Soil moisture was estimated at 5.74% in the decline site and 7.14% in the control site, with this difference being statistically significant. The amount of calcium in the soil of the control area was approximately 1.5 times greater than in the area experiencing decline. The results of this research, focusing on soil characteristics related to oak decline, can provide important data for the oak decline information system in the Zagros forests of Iran.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Pourhashemi, M., Jahanbazi Goujani, H., Hoseinzadeh, J., Bordbar, SK., Iranmanesh, Y., & Khodakarami, Y. (2017). The history of oak decline in Zagros forests. Journal of Iran Nature, 2(1), 30-37. (In Persian)
[2] Zandebasiri, M., Groselj, P., Azadi, H., Serio, F., & Abbasi Shoureshjani, R., (2021). DPSIR framework priorities and its application to forest management: a fuzzy modeling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, 598.

[3] Baoming, D., Huawei, J.I., Shirong, L., Hongzhang, K. & Shan, Y. (2021). Nutrient resorption strategies of three oak tree species in response to inter-annual climate variability. Forest Ecosystems, 8, 70.

[4] Teimouri, M. Alizadeh, T., Iranmanesh, Y., Sadgezdeh Hallaj, M.H., & Pourhashemi, M. (2022). The evaluation of changes in the chemical and biological properties of soil in Brant's oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) forests of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 31(1), 14-26. (In Persian)

[5] Hosseini, A. (2017). Variability of nitrogen and phosphorous in Persian oak trees and soil of dieback affected stands in Ilam. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 70(2), 231-240. (In Persian)

[6] Aazami, A., Hosseni, A., & Hoseianzadeh, J. (2018). he Effect of depth and aspect on soil moisture in dieback affected oak forests (Case study: Meleh Siah Forest, Ilam Province). Ecology of Iranian Forests, 6(11), 41-50. (In Persian)
[7] Jahanbazy Goujani, H., Iranmanesh, Y., Talebi, M., Shirmardi, H.A., Mehnatkesh A., Pourhashemi, M., & Habibi, M. (2021). Effect of physiographic factors on absorption of essential nutritional elements of the leaf in Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) forests of Helen, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province, affected by decline. Plant Research Journal, 33(3), 544- 553. (In Persian)
[8] Gao, X. S., Deng, L., Li, Q., Wang, C., Li, B., Ping, O., Deng, P., & Zeng, M., (2019).  Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Renshou County of Sichuan Basin, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(2), 279-289.
[9] Subel, F.,  & Bruggemann, W. (2021). Tree water relations of mature oaks in southwest Germany under extreme drought stress in summer 2018. Plant Stress, 1, 100010.
[10] Heshmati, M., Gheitouri, M., Sheikhvaisi, M., Arabkhedri, M., & Hosin, M. (2018). Combating the forest mortality crises in Zagros regions, Iran through adaptive approaches solutions. Journal of Geography and Environmental Hazards, 6(3), 125-141. (In Persian)
[11] Ali Ehyaei, M., & Behbahanizadeh, A. (1994). Description of soil chemical decomposition methods. Soil and Water Research Institute, 129 p. (In Persian)
[12] Zarafshar, M.,  Matinizedeh, M., Negahdarsaber, M., Pourhashemi, M., Bordbar, S.K., & Ziaeian, M.R. (2021). Soil characteristics and leaf nutrients of healthy and declined Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 28(2), 140-152. (In Persian)
[13] Hosseini, A., Matinizadeh, M., Pourhashemi, M., & Asgari, Sh. (2021). Effect of slope aspect and crown dieback intensity on leaf and soil nutrient status in Persian oak stands, Quercus brantii Lindl. (Case study, Melah-Siah forests, Ilam province). Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 19(2), 354-367. (In Persian)
[14] Zandebasiri, M., Soosani, J., & Pourhashemi, M. (2017). Evaluating existing strategies in environmental crisis of Zagros forests of Iran. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 15(3), 621-631.
[15] Pourhashemi, M., & Moein Sadeghi, S.M. (2021). A review on ecological causes of oak decline phenomenon in Forests of Iran. Ecology of Iranian Forests, 8(16), 148-164. (In Persian)
[16] Oosterbaan, A., & Nabuur, G.J. 1991. Relationships between oak decline and groundwater class in The Netherlands. Plant and Soil, 136(1), 87-93.
[17] Soleimani, R., & Najafifar, A. (2020). Variability of soil chemical characteristics in Oak stands with different dieback. Journal of Plant Ecosystem Protection, 8(16), 265-283. (In Persian)
[18] Ahmadi, M., & Rostami, A. (2021). Investigation of the relationship between drought of Iranian Oak trees with Stand structure, physiographic factors and soil (Case study: Forests of Ilam). Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research, 11(2), 155-167. (In Persian)
[19] Khazaie, E.,  Bostani, A.A., & Davatgar, N. (2017). Geostatic and GIS evaluation of spatial variability of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity in agro-industrial land of Sharif Abad in Qazvin. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 31(2), 195-214. (In Persian)
[20] Veisi Sartaiere, Hg., Shekari, P., & Bahmani, A. (2017). Investigating the spatial changes of some calcium and magnesium components of surface soil in the Darband plain of Kermanshah province. The first international conference on water, environment and sustainable development, 6 to 8 October, Ardabil: 1-10. (In Persian)
Forest and Wood Products
Volume 77, Issue 2
September 2024
Pages 127-137

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics