Effect of traditional deforestation and exploitation in different slopes on runoff and sediment in Zagros forests (Case study: Surgeh area in Manesht and Qalarang protected areas of Ilam province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran.

2 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran

3 Assoc., Prof., Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran

4 Assoc., Prof., Soil and Water Department, Agriculture Faculty, Ilam University, Ilam, I.R. Iran

10.22059/jfwp.2022.343889.1213

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of degradation due to traditional forest exploitation on runoff and sediment following the change of some soil characteristics in the Zagros vegetation area in Manesht and Qalarang protected areas in the north of Ilam. Based on the objectives of the study, the treatments of degraded forest, intact forest (control) and agricultural lands in the region were considered in three slopes (15, 25 and 35%) and each in three replications. In this study, runoff and sediment due to rainfall were considered. Analysis of variance test was used to investigate the effect of vegetation cover on runoff and sediment, Duncan's test was used to compare means, and Pearson's correlation method was used to determine the significance and extent of each variable measured in the soil on runoff and sediment. The results showed that with increasing the slope, the amount of water infiltration in the soil decreases and as a result, more runoff and sediment is produced. The results showed that the amount of runoff, sediment and runoff coefficient in degraded forest lands is higher than the treatment of intact forest (control) and agricultural lands. In degraded forest lands, the amount of runoff is 5.43 mm and sediment is 0.3671 tons per hectare and in untouched forest lands (control), the amount of runoff is 0.33 mm and sediment is 0.0019 tons per hectare, respectively, and in agricultural lands, the amount of runoff, and sediment were calculated as 22. 0.00 mm and 0.004 t / ha, respectively. The results of correlation coefficient showed that the parameters of acidity, clay percentage, silt percentage had a positive correlation and sand percentage had a negative correlation with runoff and acidity parameters, silt percentage had a positive correlation and sand percentage had a negative correlation with sediment content. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that eliminating or changing the use of vegetation, especially forest cover reduces the amount of soil permeability and thus increases the amount of soil runoff and sediment. Therefore, by preserving, rehabilitating and developing forest trees and shrubs, as well as preventing the change of use of these lands to agriculture, especially in sloping forest lands, runoff and sediment production can be prevented.

Keywords

References

[1]. Khazayi, M., Sadeghi, S.H.R., and Mirnia, S.Kh. (2011). Hydrological effects of forest surface disturbance, a case study. Iranian Journal of Forest, 2: 145-155. (In Persian).
[2]. Wagenbrenner, J.W., MacDonald, L.H., and Rough, D. (2016). Effectiveness of three post-fire rehabilitation treatments in the Colorado Front Range. Hydrological Processes, 20: 2989-3006.
[3]. Fen-Li., Z. (2006). Effect of Vegetation Changes on Soil Erosion on the Loess Plat eau. Pedosphere, 16: 420-427.
[4]. Xiaoming, Z., Xinxiao, Y., Sihong, W., and Huifang, L. (2007). Effects of forest vegetation on runoff and sediment transport of watershed in Loess area, west China. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2: 163-168.
[5]. Marques, M.J., Bienes, R., Jimenez, L., and Perez-Rodriguez, R. (2007). Effect of vegetal cover on runoff and soil erosion under light intensity events. Rainfall simulation over USLE plots. Science of the Total Environment, 378: 161-165.
[6]. Girmay, G., Sing, B.R., Nyssen, J., and Borrosen, T. (2009). Runoff and sediment-associated nutrient losses under different land uses in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology, 376: 70-80.
[7]. Khaledi Darvishan, A., Hadi Ghorghi, Katebikord., A, Mohammad Amini, H., Gholami, L., Karamzadeh., A., Bahmani, A., and Saeidi, F. (2018). Effect of exclosure on runoff, sediment concentration and soil loss in erosion plots in Khamsan representative watershed of Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Forest, 24: 243-255. (in Persian)
[8]. Etehadi Abari, M., Majnounian, B., Malekian, A., and Jourgholami, M. (2018). Runoff and sediment variations due to change in some soil properties following forest harvesting (Case study: Kheyrud Forest). Iranian Journal of Forest, 10: 267-278. (In Persian).
[9]. Bazgir, M., Hydari, M., Zeynali, N., and Kohzadean, M. (2018). Effect of land use change from forest to agriculture and abounded of agriculture on soil physical and chemical properties in Zagros forest ecosystem. Iranian Journal of Forest, 10: 267-278. (In Persian).
[10]. Mirzaei, J. (2018). Detailed design of Manesht-Qhalarang protected area (phase 2), Ilam University. 306: 1-12. (in Persian)
[11]. Prats, S.A., Wagenbrenner, J.W., Martins, M.A.S., Malvar, M.C., and Keizer, J. (2016). Mid-term and scaling effects of forest residue mulching on post-fire runoff and soil erosion. Science of The Total Environment, 64: 1-13.
[12]. Walling, D.E., Collins, A.L., Sichingabula, H.A., and Leek, G.J.L. (2001). Integrated Assessment of Catchment Suspended Sediment Budgets: A Zambian Example. Land Degradation and Development, 12: 387-415.
[13]. Seeger, M. (2007). Uncertainty of factors determining runoff and erosion processes as quantified by rainfall simulations. Catena, 71: 56-67.
[14]. Casermeiro, M.A., Molina, J.A., Caravaca, M.L., Costa, J.H., Massanet, M.H., and Moreno, P.S. (2004). Influence of scrubs on runoff and sediment loss in soils of Mediterranean Climate. Catena, 57: 91-107.
[15]. Foltz, R.B., Copeland, N.S., and Elliot, W.J. (2009). Reopening abandoned forest roads in northern Idaho, USA: Quantification of runoff, sediment concentration, infiltration, and interrill erosion parameters. Environmental Management, 90: 2542-2550.
[16]. Duiker, S.W., Flanagan, D.C., and Lal, R. (2001). Erodibility and filtration characteristics of five major soils of southwest Spain. Catena, 45: 103-121.
[17]. Mohammad, A., and Adam, M. A. (2010). The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses. Catena, 8: 97-103.
[18]. Suryatmojo, H., Masamitsu, F., Kosugi, K., and Mizuyama, T. (2011). Impact of selective logging and intensive line planting system on runoff and soil erosion in a Tropical Indonesia rainforest. In: Proceedings of river basin management VI. Wessex Institute of Technology, UK, 87: 288-300.
[19]. Adekalu, K.O., Okunade, D.A., and Osunbitan, J.A. (2006). Compaction and mulching effects on soil loss and runoff from two southwestern Nigeria agricultural soils. Geoderma, 137: 26-230.
[20]. Santos F.L., Reis, J.L., Martins, O.C., Castanheria, N.L., and Serralherio, R.P. (2003). Comparative assessment of infiltration, runoff and erosion of sprinkler irrigation soils. Biosystems Engineering, 86: 355-364.
[21]. Emadi, M., Baghernejad, M., and Memarian, H.M. (2009). Effect of land-use change on soil fertility characteristics within water-stable aggregates of two cultivated soils in northern Iran. Land Use Policy, 26: 452-457.
Forest and Wood Products
Volume 75, Issue 4
March 2023
Pages 321-330

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics