Optimizing the brightness and mechanical strength of tissue paper made of deinked pulp using isolated soy protein and chitosan by using response surface methodology

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc. Graduated, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Shahid Chamran Blvd., 31585-4314, Karaj, I.R. Iran.

2 Prof., Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Shahid Chamran Blvd., 31585-4314, Karaj, I.R. Iran.

3 Assoc., Prof., Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Shahid Chamran Blvd., 31585-4314, Karaj, I.R. Iran.

4 Assist., Prof., New Technologies Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Zirab Science and Technology Campus, Savadkoh, Mazandaran Province, I.R. Iran.

Abstract

The lower mechanical properties of paper made from recycled fiber is due to their inherent properties of the used fibers. In order to improve strengths, various polymers such as cationic polymer are used, while today the global trend is the utilization of natural and renewable materials. In this study, two biopolymers including chitosan (Ch), isolated soy protein (ISP) along with glutaraldehyde (GA) were used to optimize the mechanical properties of the tissue paper made from the de-inked fibers. For this purpose, at the first chitosan solution with loading level of 0% to 2%, then glutaraldehyde with loading level of 2% to 6%, and finally isolated soy protein with 1% to 3% levels were added to the pulp suspension. The properties of handsheets were measured by standard test methods and the results were modeled using Design Expert.10 software and response surface method (RSM). The results and obtained models showed that addition of these additives did not make a significant difference on brightness of the hand sheet paper compared with the control sample. However, the addition of these additives increased the dry and wet tensile and tear strengths, which in the optimal addition level the increasing levels for mentioned properties were 145%, 35% and 70%, respectively, compared with the control sample. The increasing rate of tensile and tear resistance were higher than increasing rate obtained by conventional dry strength agents, such as cationic starch.

Keywords

References

[1]. Bahrami, B., and Jafari, P. (2020). Paper recycling, directions to sustainable landscape. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 17(1): 371-382.
[2]. De Assis, T., Reisinger, L. W., Pal, L., Pawlak, J., Jameel, H., and Gonzalez, R. W. (2018). Understanding the effect of machine technology and cellulosic fibers on tissue properties-A review. BioResources, 13(2): 4593-4629.
[3]. Fu, Q.J., Liu, Q., Dun, X-J., and Yao, Ch.L. (2020). Improving mechanical properties of recycled paper via surface spraying carboxymethyl starch-grafted-polyacrylamide. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, Accepted.
[4]. Tayeb, A. H., Hubbe, M. A., Tayeb, P., Pal, L., and Rojas, O. J. (2017). Soy proteins as a sustainable solution to strengthen recycled paper and reduce deposition of hydrophobic contaminants in papermaking: A bench and pilot-plant study. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(8): 7211-7219.
[5]. Song, Z., Li, G., Guan, F., and Liu, W. (2018). Application of chitin/chitosan and their derivatives in the papermaking industry. Polymers, 10(4): 389.
[6]. Jalali, H., Chiaani, E., Rudi, H., and Nabid, M. R. (2017). Performance of chitosan and polyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) on wet strength and water absorption of deinked pulp. Forest and Wood Products, 70(4): 709-717.
[7]. Hamzeh, Y., Sabbaghi, S., Ashori, A., Abdulkhani, A., and Soltani, F. (2013). Improving wet and dry strength properties of recycled old corrugated carton (OCC) pulp using various polymers. Carbohydrate Polymers, 94(1): 577-583.
[8]. Jin, H., Lucia, L. A., Rojas, O. J., Hubbe, M. A., and Pawlak, J. J. (2012). Survey of soy protein flour as a novel dry strength agent for papermaking furnishes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(39): 9828-9833.
[9]. Brentin, R. P. (2014). Soy-based chemicals and materials: growing the value chain. In Soy-Based Chemicals and Materials (pp. 1-23). American Chemical Society.
[10]. Rafati, M., Mohammadi Roozbahani, M., and Pirmoradi, Z. (2020). Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals by the soil and leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi in Khouzestan Oxin Steel Company. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection Research, 17(2): 173-184.
[10]. Wu, T., and Farnood, R. (2015). A preparation method of cellulose fiber networks reinforced by glutaraldehyde-treated chitosan. Cellulose, 22(3): 1955-1961.
[11]. Gu, W., Liu, X., Gao, Q., Gong, S., Li, J., and Shi, S. Q. (2020). Multiple hydrogen bonding enables strong, tough, and recyclable soy protein films. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, accepted.
[12]. Xu, G. G., Yang, C. Q., and Den, Y. (2006). Mechanism of paper wet strength development by polycarboxylic acids with different molecular weight and glutaraldehyde/poly (vinyl alcohol). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 101(1): 277-284.
[13]. Wang, Y., Mo, X., Sun, X. S., and Wang, D. (2007). Soy protein adhesion enhanced by glutaraldehyde crosslink. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(1): 130-136.
[14]. Yadollahi, R., Hamzeh, Y., Mahdavi, H., and Pourmousa, S. (2014). Synthesis and evaluation of glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM) as a wet and dry-strengthening agent of paper. Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 27(2): 121-129.
[15]. Xu, G. G., Yang, C. Q., and Deng, Y. (2002). Applications of bifunctional aldehydes to improve paper wet strength. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 83(12): 2539-2547.
[16]. Wu, T., Du, Y., Yan, N., and Farnood, R. (2015). Cellulose fiber networks reinforced with glutaraldehyde-chitosan complexes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(33): 42375-42383.
[17]. Laleg, M., and Pikulik, II. (1991). Wet-web strength increase by chitosan. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 6(3): 99-103.
[18]. Sharifi Taskouh, H., Hamzeh, Y., and Pourmousa, Sh. (2016). Optimization process variables of deinked pulp bleaching - improvement of wet tensile strength of tissue paper. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 30(4): 705-716.
[19]. Sharifi, S., and Nazarnezhad, N. (2018). Optimization of effective parameters on ultrasonic pre-treatment in chemical deinking of old newspaper by the response surface methodology. Forest and Wood Products, 71(3): 253-262.
[20]. Rudi, H., Ghorbannazhad, P., and Hubbe, M. A. (2018). Optimizing the mechanical properties of papers reinforced with refining and layer-by-layer treated recycled fibers using response surface methodology. Carbohydrate Polymers, 200: 391-399.
[21]. Li, Z., Qi, X., Lan, S., Wang, H., Chen, N., Lin, J., Lin, M., and Rao, J. (2019). Optimizing properties of ultra-low-density fiberboard via response surface methodology and evaluating the addition of a coupling agent. BioResources, 14(2): 4373-4384.
[22]. Jalali Torshizi, H., Aabedi Bafraajerd, A., and Shidpour, R. (2019). Surface coating of acrylic acid-chitosan nano hydrogel on water uptake, strengths and optical properties of paper. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 34(1), 1-11.
[23]. Urreaga, J. M., and De la Orden, M. U. (2006). Chemical interactions and yellowing in chitosan-treated cellulose. European Polymer Journal, 42(10): 2606-2616.
[24]. Linke, W. F. (1968). Retention and bonding of synthetic dry strength resins. Tappi Journal, 51(11): 59A-65A.
[25]. Yang, C. Q., and Xu, G. (2002). U.S. Patent No. 6,379,499. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
[26]. Salam, A., Lucia, L. A., and Jameel, H. (2014). A preliminary assay of the potential of soy protein isolate and its hydrolysates to provide interfiber bonding enhancements in lignocellulosic furnishes. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 85: 228-234.
[27]. Flory, A. R., Requesens, D. V., Devaiah, S. P., Teoh, K. T., Mansfield, S. D., and Hood, E. E. (2013). Development of a green binder system for paper products. BMC Biotechnology, 13(1), 28-42.
[28]. Fahmy, Y., El-Wakil, N. A., El-Gendy, A. A., Abou-Zeid, R. E., and Youssef, M. A. (2010). Plant proteins as binders in cellulosic paper composites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47(1), 82-85.
Forest and Wood Products
Volume 73, Issue 4
February 2021
Pages 491-502

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics