Development of poplar Kraft pulp strengths with cellulose nano fiber of rice straw

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

This study was carried out to make cellulose nanofiber reinforced Kraft liner paper from rice straw. In this regard, P.deltoides clone 69-55 as a fast growth and high yield biomass species was selected for pulp production. Variable factors of Kraft pulping process including sulfidity, active alkali, temperature and time were applied in three levels and liquor to wood ratio of 4:1. Optimum conditions of Kraft cooking were found as 23% sulfidity, 18% active alkali, 170 °C, and 180 min. cooking temperature and time, respectively. The pulping yield and kappa number of control pulp were measured as 53.94% and 17.2, respectively. Then, the pulp was refined to achieve freeness degree of 333 ml.CSF. Nano-cellulose fiber of rice straw was added to improve the strength of control kraft pulp. The nanofibers at 5, 10 and 15% loadings were mixed with pulp suspension and 60 g/m2 handsheets were manufactured by means of a laboratory handsheet maker. It was found that all the strength characteristics of prepared papers were improved by addition of nanofibers in different levels. Tensile, burst, and tear indices increased up to 26.31%, 20.08%, and 10.07%, respectively by addition of 15% cellulose nanofibers to the control pulp suspension. Moreover, bending stiffness and RCT improved to 24.48%, and 52.38%, respectively. The overall results indicated that incorporation of cellulose nanofibers had a positive effect on kraft liner pulp produced from P.deltoides.

Keywords


[1]. Malmirchegini, Kh., Talaeipoor, M., and Pourmousa, Sh. (2011). Effects of ink and paper characteristics on print quality in board-packaging industries based on print density index. Iranian journal of Wood and Paper Science, 26 (1): 39-57.
[2]. Talaeipoor, M., Khademi islam, H., and Malmirchegini, Kh. (2009). Effect of ink and paper characteristics on optical properties of packaging papers.Part II:Viscosity of ink 50-55. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science, 24(2): 325-340.
[3]. Hemasi, A., Sabour, M., Talaei pour, M., and Azadfallah, M. (2012). Effect of xylanase treatment on properties of alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp from poplar (Populus nigra) wood. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science, 27(1): 156-166.
[4]. Bosia, A. )1963(. Pulping and papermaking properties of fast growing plantation wood species, The FAO Technical Papers, 19/1. Vol. 1, Rome.
[5]. Scot, W. (2005). The fundamentals of paper properties, Translated in Persian by Afra, A., Aeej Publication, Tehran, Iran.
[6]. Siro, I., and Plackett, D. (2010(. Microfibrillated cellulose and new nanocomposite materials: a review. Cellulose, 17(3): 459-494.
[7]. Hasanjanzadeh, H., Hedjazi, S., Yousefi, H., Mahdavi, S., and Abdolkhani, A. (2014). The effect of using cellulose nanofibers and cationic starch on the properties of soda-AQ pulp from rice straw. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 67(1): 105-117.
[8]. Ramsden, J. (2004). Nanotechnology in Coatings, Inks and Adhesives, Pira International Ltd. Leatherhead. UK.
[9]. Hadilam, M.M. (2012). Production and evaluation of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) prepared from α-cellulose and comparative assessment of it›s using in chemical paper and bleached bagasse paper. M.Sc. thesis. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
[10]. Henriksson, M., Berglund, L.A., Isaksson, P., Lindström, T., and Nishino, T. (2008). Cellulose Nanopaper Structures of High Toughness. BioMacromolecules, 9(6): 1579-1585.
[11] Syverud, K., and Stenius, P. (2009). Strength and barrier properties of MFC films. Cellulose, 16: 75-85.
[12]. Yousefi, H., Nishino, T., Faezipour, M., Ebrahimi, G., and Shakeri, A. (2011). Direct fabrication of all-cellulose nanocomposite from cellulose microfibers using ionic liquid-based nanowelding. Biomacromolecules, 12: 4080-4085.
[13]. Hadilam, M.M., Afra, E., and Yousefi, H. (2013). Effect of Cellulose Nanofibers on the Properties of Bagasse Paper. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 66(3): 351-366.
[14]. Hadilam, M.M., Afra, E., Ghasemian, A., and Yousefi, H. (2013). Preparation and properties of ground cellulose nanofibers. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 20(2): 139-149.
[15]. Khalili, A., Ghasemian, A., Saraeian, A.R., Dahmardeh galehnow, M., and Manzorolajdad, S.M. (2009). Study on the mechanical and optical properties of kraft liner paper produced from mixing of OCC and virgin hardwoods kraft pulp. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 24(2): 264-274.
[16]. Alinia, A., Afra, A., Resalati, H., and Yousefi, H. (2013). Effect of Mixing Temperature of CMP (Chemi-mechanical) Pulp and Cellulose Nanofiber on Paper Properties. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 3(2): 77-89.
[17]. Yousefi, H., Faezipour, M., Nishino, T., Shakeri, A., and Ebrahimi, G. (2011). All-cellulose composite and nanocomposite made from partially dissolved micro and nanofibers of canola straw. Polymer Journal, 43: 559-564.
[18]. Hasanjanzadeh, H., Hedjazi, S., and Mahdavi, S. (2014). The effect of polyelectrolyte on rice straw soda-AQ pulp drainage and of rice straw. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 29(1): 170-181.
[19]. Lindgren, A. (2010). Preparation of Nanofibers from Pulp Fibers. Master Thesis. collaboration with Eka Chemicals AB.