Optimization of radio frequency heating in plywood production by using modified resin with magnetic nanomaterials

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan. Iran.

10.22059/jfwp.2025.400560.1364

Abstract

One area of interest for improvements in the quality and properties of manufactured products is the use of nanotechnology to optimize production processes. In this study, the modeling and optimization of the resin curing process in plywood produced by radiofrequency heating using magnetic nanomaterials were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). For this purpose, encapsulated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanomaterials were added in different amounts (2%, 11%, and 20%) to the urea–formaldehyde adhesive matrix. The plywood panels were manufactured in seven layers using a press equipped with radiofrequency heating, with dimensions of 500 × 500 mm and a thickness of 12 mm. The radiofrequency pressing variables included electrode current (0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 amperes) and pressing time (40, 80, and 120 seconds). The results showed that the use of superparamagnetic nanomaterials improved the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood. Increasing the electrode current decreased impact strength and bending strength but reduced water absorption. Examination of the samples showed that high current and long pressing time caused discoloration and burning. Optimization indicated that adjusting the electrode current, pressing time, and nanomaterial content to 0.4 A, 64 s, and 12.7%, respectively, produced higher-quality boards without burning, reduced energy consumption, and maximized efficiency. These levels were applied to produce new boards, and the actual results closely matched the predicted values, with model errors of 24.88% for MOR and 17.99% for MOE.

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References

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Forest and Wood Products
Volume 78, Issue 3
November 2025
Pages 287-304

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