خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در آرامگاه‌های جنگلی و توده‌های گلازنی‌شدۀ مجاور در شهرستان بانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج و مرکز پژوهشو توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی، بانه

2 استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان و مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی، بانه

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم زیستی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج

چکیده

جنگل‌های بلوط زاگرس، به دلیل استفاده‌های بی رویه و مختلف مردم محلی، تا حد زیادی دست‌خوش تغییر شده است. آرامگاه‌های جنگلی در جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی، به‌دلیل تقدس و ارزش مذهبی برای مردم محلی تا حد زیادی تخریب‌نشده باقی مانده‌اند. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی و مقایسۀ خصوصیات خاک این مناطق، به‌عنوان منطقۀ معرف جنگل‌های کمتر دست‌خوردۀ بلوط زاگرس با خصوصیات خاک مناطقی است که قرن‌های متمادی تحت چرای دام و گلازنی بوده است. برای این کار، پنج آرامگاه جنگلی و پنج گلاجار کنار آنها انتخاب و از هر منطقه به‌طور کاملاً تصادفی، پنج نمونه خاک ترکیبی در میکروپلات‌های 2×2 متری از عمق صفر تا 15 سانتی‌متر برداشت شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تی مستقل به‌منظور مقایسۀ تک‌تک مناطق و همچنین داده‌های حاصل از ترکیب کل مناطق استفاده شد. به‌جز مقدار کلسیم، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دیگر فاکتورهای خاک در آرامگاه و گلاجارها دیده ‌شد. مقدار کربن، نیتروژن، فسفر، نسبت C:N، پتاسیم، هدایت الکتریکی و درصد شن در آرامگاه‌های جنگلی از گلاجارها بیشتر بود، درحالی که درصد رس و میزان pH کمتر بود. براساس نتایج حاصله، گلازنی، گلابری و سایر بهره‌برداری‌های فشرده در سامان‌های عرفی این جنگل‌ها طی سالیان متمادی، سبب کاهش چشمگیر کیفیت خاک شده است و ادامۀ این روند، حاصلی جز تخریب بیشتر خاک این جنگل‌ها نخواهد داشت. کیفیت خوب خاک در آرامگاه‌های جنگلی، نشان‌دهندۀ اهمیت حفاظت در افزایش کیفیت رویشگاه‌های جنگلی در زاگرس شمالی است، بنابراین توجه بیشتر به حفظ این مناطق، دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical and chemical properties of soil in sacred groves and surrounding oak woodlands in Baneh County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kyumars Mohammadi Samani 1
  • Vahid Hosseini 2
  • Havin Rostami 3
1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Baneh, Iran
2 Assistant prof., Dept. of Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran and the Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Baneh, Iran.
3 M.Sc. in Biological Science Forest, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

Zagros oak forests have changed considerably because of irregular and diverse usage of local people. Sacred groves in northern Zagros forest have almost remained undisturbed, due to their social and religious values for local people. In this study, we attentively investigated and compared soil properties in these stands, as stands that show the less disturbed Zagros oak forests, with surrounding oak woodlands that have been pollarded and utilized for centuries as pastures. Five sacred groves and five adjacent pollarded (Galajar) stands were selected. Five composite soil samples were randomly taken by use of 2×2 m microplots from 0-15 cm soil depth. Paired independent t test was used to compare all five sacred groves individually with surrounding oak woodlands and also to compare all data from both areas altogether. The results showed that there are significant differences between all soil properties but calcium content. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, C:N ratio, potassium, electrical conductivity and sand decreased significantly in the pollarded area compared with sacred stands while clay and pH increased. The results also revealed that pollarding (Galazani, Galabori) and long-run exploitations of the conventional ownerships in these forests have significantly reduced soil quality and it will be less fertile if this process continues. High soil quality in the sacred groves indicates the importance of conservation in these stands to improve forest habitat quality in the northern Zagros forests. We conclude that, it is critically important to pay more attention to protecting sacred groves in Baneh County.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Less disturbed stand
  • Pollarding (Galazani)
  • Galabori
  • Soil properties
  • Northern Zagros oak forest

مراجع

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 74، شماره 4
بهمن 1400
صفحه 383-394

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