تأثیر قارچ‏های میکوریز آربوسکولار بر صفات مورفولوژیکی نهال‏های یک‏ساله محلب (Cerasus mahaleb L.) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات آب و خاک، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

کاهش بارندگی و کم‏آبی، دو چالش مهم در جنگل‏های زاگرس محسوب می‏شوند. یکی از مناسب‏ترین روش‏ها به منظور احیاء و غنی‏سازی این جنگل‏ها استفاده از گونه‏های بومی نظیر محلب می‏باشد. این تحقیق به صورت فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور تنش خشکی در چهار سطح 100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار در سه سطح بدون قارچ میکوریز (شاهد)، Rhizophagus irregularis و Funneliformis mosseae در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان طی دو فصل زمستان و بهار 97- 1396 اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش تنش خشکی صفات ارتفاع، قطر یقه، تعداد شاخه و برگ، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی، درصد کلونیزاسیون قارچ و سطح برگ نهال‏های محلب به طور معنی‏دار کاهش یافت (p≤1%)، لیکن هر دو قارچ توانستند باعث بهبود اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه شوند. در ظرفیت زراعی 100 درصد، کلونیزاسیون قارچ به طور متوسط از 1/32 درصد در شاهد به 27/47 درصد در تلقیح با قارچF. mosseae و 2/43 درصد در تلقیح با قارچ R. irregularis رسید (p≤5%). در اثر تلقیح با قارچ F. mosseae، طول ریشه اصلی نهال‏ها در تنش‏های مختلف خشکی نسبت به شاهد روند افزایشی نشان داد و بیشترین طول ریشه (42 سانتیمتر) در ظرفیت زراعی 50 درصد بدست آمد. بزرگترین اندازه سطح و تعداد برگ، رویش ارتفاعی و قطری نهال در شرایط بدون تنش خشکی (ظرفیت زراعی 100 درصد) مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، محلب در دوره نونهالی، با تلقیح قارچ‏های میکوریزی آربوسکولار قدرت تحمل به خشکی بیشتری پیدا خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on morphological characteristics of Cerasus Mahaleb L. one year old seedlings under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Esmaeili Sharif 1
  • Bahman Zamani Kebrabadi 2
  • Mohsen Dehghani 3
1 Assist., Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural, and Natural Resources Research, and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, AREEO, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.
2 PhD student, Department of Forestry, and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences, and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Mazandran, I.R. Iran.
3 Assist., Prof., Research Division of Water & Soil, Isfahan Agricultural, and Natural Resources Research, and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, AREEO, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rainfall reduction and dehydration are important features of the Zagros forests. One of the most sustainable, and suitable ways to restore, and enrich these forests is the use of native, and multipurpose species such as Cerasus mahaleb L.. This study was conducted as a factorial randomized complete block design at Isfahan Agricultural, and Natural Resources Research Center from winter to spring of 2018. The first factor included four levels of drought stress (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity), and the second factor was three levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi without mycorrhizal fungi (control), Rhizophagus irregularis, and Funneliformis mosseae in four replications on fungal colonization, and traits of the morphological characteristics of one-year-old seedlings of C. mahale L. in greenhouse conditions. The results showed that with increasing drought stress; height, collar diameter, number of branches, and leaves, root, and shoot dry weight, fungal colonization percentage, and leaf area of C. mahaleb seedlings were significantly reduced (p≤1%), however, both fungi were able to improve most of the studied traits. At 100% field capacity, fungal colonization increased from 32.1% in control to 47.27% in inoculation with F. mosseae, and 43.2% in inoculation with R. irregularis (p≤5%). Due to inoculation with F. mosseae fungi, the seedlings main root length in different drought stress treatments, compared to the control, showed an increasing trend, and the maximum root length (42 cm) in the conditions FC50% stress was obtained. The largest size of the surface, and the number of leaves, the height, and diameter of the seedlings were observed in conditions without drought stress (FC100%). According to the results of this study, in the seedling period, C. mahaleb can be considered as a relatively drought tolerant species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Greenhouse
  • Field capacity
  • Percentage of colonization
  • Seedling
[1]. Ashkavand, P., Tabari Kouchaksarai, M., and Zarafshar, M. (2014). Evaluation of drought resistance of Crataegus aronia L., and Prunus mahaleb L. seedlings with emphasis on biochemical parameters. Journal of Zagros Forest Research, 1 (1): 18-1.
[2]. Mahajan, S., and Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity, and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of Biochemistry, and Biophysics, 444 (2): 139–158.
[3]. Bassett, C. L. (2013). Water use, and drought response in cultivated, and wild apples, In: Vahdati K Leslie Charles, eds. Abiotic Stress-Plant Responses, and Aplications in Agriculture. Croatia, Rijeka: InTech, 249275.
[4]. Kafi, M., and Mahdavi Damghani, A. M. (2007). Mechanisms of plant resistance to environmental stresses. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publications, 468 p.
[5]. Ardakani, M. R., Farahvash, F., and Rejali F. (2016) Optimizing phosphorus use in sustainable maize cropping via mycorrhizal inoculation. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 39 (9): 1348-1356.
[6]. Bashan, Y., and De-Bashan, L. E. (2010). Chapter two—How the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum promotes plant growth–a critical assessment. Advances in Agronomy, 108: 77–136.
[7]. Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Bano, A., Saud, S., Hassan, S., Shan, D., Ahmed Khan, F., Khan, F., Chen, Y., Wu, C., Tabassum, M.A., Chun, M.X., Afzal, M., Jan, A., Tariq Jan, M., and Huang, J. (2015). Potential role of phytohormones, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in abiotic stresses: coequences for changing environment. Environmental Science, and Pollution Research, 22: 4907–4921.
[8]. Augé, R. M., Kubikova, E., and Moore, J. L. (2001). Foliar dehydration tolerance of mycorrhizal cowpea, soybean, and bush bean. New Phytologist, 151(2): 535-541.
[9]. Augé, R. M. (2001). Water relation, drought, and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11 (1): 3-42.
[10]. Sharifi, M., Karimi F., and Khanpur Ardestani N. (2011). Mycorrhiza (Physiology, and Biotechnology). Biology Publishing House, Tehran. 234 p.
[11]. Auge, R. M., Schekel, K. A., and Wample, R. L. (1987). Rose leaf elasticity in response to mycorrhizal colonization, and droughtacclimation. Physiology Plant. 70:175–182.
[12]. Davies, F. T., Olalde-Portugal, V., Aguilera-Gomez, L., Alvarado, M. J., Ferrera-Cerrato, R. C., and Boutton, T. W. (2002). Alleviation of drought stress of Chileancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) with arbuscular mycorrhiza indigenous to Mexico. Scientia Horticulturae 92:347-359.
[13]. Wubet, T., Kottke, I., Teketay, D., and Oberwinkler F. (2003). Mycorrhizal status of indigenous trees in dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology, and Management, 179: 387-399.
[14]. Mirzaei, J., Noorbakhsh, N., and Karamshahi A. A. (2014) Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Crataegus pontica C. Koch from Ilam Province, Iran. Ecopersia, 2 (4): 767-777.
[16]. Sekhavati, N., Akbarinia, M., Zangeneh, H., and Mirzaee J. (2014). The Influence of Topographic Factors on Species Diversity in Cerasus mahaleb L. Habitat. Journal of Forest, and Rangeland. 97: 24-32.
[17]. Armand, N., Matinizadeh, M., Shirvany, A., and Khoshnevis M. (2017). Effect of mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on growth of mahaleb cherry Cerasus mahaleb L.) (Mill.) seedlings in greenhouse condition. Iranian Journal of Forest, and Poplar Research, 24 (4): 656-664.
[18]. Sabati, H. (2005). Iranian Forests, Trees, and Shrubs. Yazd University, 806 p.
[19]. Doorenbos, J., and Pruitt, W. H. (1977). Crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation, and Drainage, paper No. 24, Romme, Italy. 108- 119.
[20]. Alizadeh, A. (1994). Principles of Designing Irrigation Systems (First Edition). Imam Reza University Press. 539 p.
[21]. Li, X. L., George, E., and Marschner, H. (1991). Exteion of phosphorus depletion zone in VA-mycorrhizal white clover in a calcareous soil. Plant, and Soil, 135: 41–48.
[22]. Giovannetti, M., and Mosse, B. (1980). An Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Infection in Roots. New Phytologist, 84, 489-500.
[23]. Taiz, L., and Zeiger, E. (2002). Plant physiology. 3rd edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. 177-193.
[24]. Arji, I., and Arzani, K. (2004). Evaluation of growth responses, and proline accumulation of three Iranian native olive cultivars under drought stress. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, and Natural Resources. 10 (2). 91-100.
[25]. Rouhi, V. Samson, R. Lemeur, R., and Van Dammea, P. (2007). Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in three different almond species during drought stress, and subsequent recovery. Environmental, and Experimental Botany 59:117–129.
[26]. Ahmadi Mousavi E., Kalantari Kh. M., Jafari R., Hasibi N., and Mahdavian K. (2011). Study of the effects of 24-epibrassinolide, and water stress on some physiological parameters in canola (Brassica napus L.). seedling. Iranian Journal of Biology. 275-286.
[27]. Subramanian, K. S., and Charest, C. (1997). Nutritional, growth, and reproductive respoe of maize (Zea mays L.). to arbusculsr mycorrhizal inoculation daring, and after drought stress at tasselling. Mycorrhiza. 7: 25-32.
[28]. Panwar, J. D. S. (1993). Respoe of VAM and Azospirillum inoculation to water status, and grain yield in wheat under water stress condition. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 36: 41-71.
[29]. Zarrabi, M. M., Talaii, A. R., Lesani, H. (2008). The Effect of Drought on morphophysiologic Anatomic Characteristic of Some Olive Cultivars. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 39 (1): 109-117.
[30]. Jinying, L., Min, L., Yongmin, M., and Lianying, S. (2007). Effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae on the drought resistance of wild jujube (Zizyphus spinosus Hu) seedlings. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 1(4): 468-471.
[31]. Yousef B., and Modir Rahmati A. R. (2018). Evaluation of growth, and yield of black poplar (Populus nigra L.). clones under drought stress period in comparative populetum of Sanandaj. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 26 (2): 276- 290.
[32]. James, B., Rodel, D., Lorettu, U., Reynaldo, E., and Tariq, H. (2008). Effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM). fungi inoculation on coppicing ability, and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Botanicaly, 40: 2217-2224.
[33]. Mizoguchi, T. (1992). Effects of inoculation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, and nutrient uptake of non-nodulated Acacia spp. Seedlings in two soil water regimes. Plant Nutrition, 74: 409–419.
[34]. Wu, Q. S., and Xia, R. X. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment, and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered, and water stress conditions. J Plant Physiol. 163(4):417-25.
[35]. Baher Nik, Z., Mirza, M., Abbaszadeh, B., and Naderi Hajy Bagher Candy, M. (2007). The effect of metabolism in response to water stress in Parthenium argentatum Gray. Iranian Journal of Medicinal, and Aromatic Plants. 23 (3): 315- 322.
[36]. Shirbani, S., Abdolahi Pour Haghighi, J., Jafari M., and Davaryneja, G. (2013). Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Four Edible Fig Cultivars to Water Stress Condition. J Agri Sci 3: 473-479.
[37]. Abbaspour, H., S. Saeidi-Sar, H. Afshari, and M. A. Abdel-Wahhab. (2012). Tolerance of Mycorrhiza infected pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedling to drought stress under glasshouse conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology.169(7): 704-709.
[38]. Qiangsheng, W., Renxue, X., and Zhengjia, H. (2006). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal on the drought tolerance of Poncirus trifoliate seedling. Frontiers of Forestry in China, 1: 100-104.
[39]. Shuman, L. M. (2000). Mineral nutrition, In: R. E. Wikion (Ed), Plant environment interactio. Marcel Dekker, New York, 65-111.
[40]. Sawwan, J., Shibli, R. A., Swaidat, I., and Tahat, M. (2000). Phosphorus regulates osmotic potential, and growth of African violet under in vitro-induced water deficit. Plant Nutrition, 23: 759–771.
[41]. Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Kirnak, H., and Tas, I. (2003). Mycorrhizal colonisation improves fruit yield, and water use efficiency in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) grown under well-watered, and water-stressed conditio. Plant, and Soil, 253: 287-292.
[42]. Lu, J., Liu, Yongmin, M., and Shen, L. (2007). Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on the drought resistance of wild jujube (Zizyphs spinosus). seedlings. Frontiers of Agriculture in China 1(4):468-471.
[43]. Linda B. Stabler, Chris A. Martin, and Stutz J. C. (2001). Effect of urban expansion on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal mediation of landscape tree growth. Journal of Arboriculture 27(4): 193- 202.
[44]. Fini, A., Frangi, P., Amoroso, G., Piatti, R., Faoro, M., Bellasio, C., and Ferrini, F. (2011). Effect of controlled inoculation with specific mycorrhizal fungi from the urban environment on growth, and physiology of containerized shade tree species growing under different water regimes. Mycorrhiza 21:703–719.
[45]. Mousavi, S. A., Tatari, M., Mehantkesh, A., and Haghighi B. (2010). Vegetative growth response of young seedlings of five almond cultivars to water deficit. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal. 25 (4): 551-567.