اثر زوال درختان بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl.) بر مشخصه‌های خاک رویشگاه (مطالعۀ موردی: کوهمره‌سرخی، استان فارس)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 کارشناس تحقیقات، بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

5 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

6 کارشناس، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

پدیدۀ زوال بلوط مهم‌ترین چالش اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی زاگرس در دهۀ اخیر محسوب می‌شود. با توجه به اهمیت ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در عملکرد اکوسیستم‌های جنگلی، اثر زوال درختان بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl.) بر مشخصه‌های خاک در جنگل‌های کوهمره‌سرخی استان فارس بررسی شد. دو قطعۀ یک‌هکتاری (100×100 متر) دچار زوال در دو جهت شمالی و جنوبی و همچنین دو قطعه در نواحی سالم در جهت‌های متناظر انتخاب شدند. در فصل بهار، نمونه‌های خاک با روش نمونه‌برداری منظم از چهار تودۀ مذکور و از عمق 10-0 سانتی‌متری جمع‌آوری و ویژگی‌های بافت خاک، محتوای رطوبت، واکنش خاک، هدایت ‌الکتریکی، کربن آلی، ازت کل، پتاسیم و فسفر قابل استفاده و همچنین تنفس میکروبی پایه و برانگیخته و پتانسیل نیتریفیکاسیون اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که واکنش خاک، درصد مواد آلی، کربن آلی و ازت خاک بین توده‌های سالم و دچار زوال فاقد اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری بود. در مقابل، رطوبت خاک (حدود 4-3 برابر)، هدایت ‌الکتریکی (حدود 29-28 درصد) و مقدار فسفر (حدود 5-4 برابر) و پتاسیم (حدود 2 برابر) در خاک توده‌های شاهد به‌مراتب بیشتر از توده‌های دچار زوال بود. بیشترین تنفس برانگیختۀ خاک به‌ترتیب در توده‌های شاهد جنوبی، شاهد شمالی و زوال شمالی با مقادیر 06/2، 67/1 و 38/1 (میلی‌گرم دی‌اکسید کربن منتشرشده به ازای 100 گرم وزن خشک خاک در یک ساعت) ثبت شد. در مقابل، روند توجیه‌پذیری برای تنفس میکروبی پایه مشاهده نشد. پتانسیل نیتریفیکاسیون نیز تحت تأثیر پدیدۀ زوال قرار نگرفت. از یافته‌های این تحقیق می‌توان استنباط کرد که تاکنون عناصر غذایی خاک تحت تأثیر زوال درختان کاهش شدیدی نداشتند. به‌ نظر می‌رسد که در کوتاه‌مدت، ریزش شاخ‌وبرگ خشکیدۀ درختان دچار زوال تا حدودی می‌تواند کمبود مواد آلی خاک را جبران کند، اما پیش‌بینی می‌شود که با گذشت زمان و تضعیف بیشتر درختان، کاهش کیفیت خاک در بلندمدت محسوس‌تر خواهد بود. در انتها، پایش فون میکروبی و آنزیم‌های خاک در توده‌های سالم و زوال‌یافته پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) decline on stand soil characteristics (Case study: Kohmareh Sorkhi, Fars Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrdad Zarafshar 1
  • Maryam Teimouri 2
  • Mehdi Pourhashemi 3
  • Tahereh Alizadeh 4
  • sayed kazem bordbar 1
  • Mohammad Javad Rousta 5
  • Alireza Abbasi 6
1 Assist., Prof., Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
2 Assist., Prof., Department of Forest, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, AREEO, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
3 Assoc., Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran.
4 Researcher., Department of Forest, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, AREEO, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
5 Assoc., Prof., Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
6 Expert, Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the oak decline is the most important challenge in the Zagros forests for the last decade. Concerning the importance of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in the forest ecosystems performance, the impacts of oak decline on soil characteristics were studied. In spring, two declined stands and two healthy stands of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) with one ha area (100×100 m) in the north and south aspects were selected and then soil samples were collected systematically from 0-10 cm depth. Next, soil texture, reaction, EC, moisture content, organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus content of collected soils were analyzed. Furthermore, basal soil microbial respiration, induced soil microbial respiration, and nitrification potential were measured. The results showed that pH, organic material and carbon, and nitrogen did not have any significant difference between the declined and healthy stands. On the other hand, EC (around 28-29 %), moisture (around 3-4 times), potassium (around two times), and phosphorus (around 4-5 times) content were considerably higher in the healthy stands. Furthermore, the highest induced microbial respiration were recorded in southern (2.06) and northern healthy stands (1.67) and southern decline stand (1.38 mg CO2.100g-1.dm.h-1), respectively while we did not find any reasonable trend for basal respiration. Nitrification potential did not response to oak decline occurrence. Although soil nutrient significantly declined in response to oak decline, it can be supposed that dried leaves and branches can repair deficiency of soil organic material to some extent in the declined stands but over time, as trees weaken, soil quality will decline. Finally, monitoring of soil fauna and soil enzymes can be suggested for future research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Zagros
  • tree decline
  • soil fertility
  • nutrient
  • soil microbial respiration

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 74، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 97-110

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