شناسایی ارتباط سنتی جوامع محلی زاگرس با ارزش‌های گیاهان (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان نورآباد ممسنی، استان فارس)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌داری، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد مرتع‌داری، اداره منابع طبیعی شهرستان نورآباد ممسنی، نورآباد ممسنی، ایران

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

یکی از اولین و عمیق­ترین روابط انسان با محیط، استفاده از ارزش‌های دارویی گیاهان برای رفع نیازمندی­های خود می‌باشد. جنگل­های زاگرس مهد تمدن­های کهن ایران و دربرگیرنده جوامع محلی فراوانی است که هریک شامل گنجینه‌ای گرانبها از دانش­های سنتی مرتبط با گیاهان دارویی هستند که یکی از موضوعات اصلی در دانش گیاه‌مردم‌نگاری است. در این پژوهش، این دانش در سامان عرفی پیراشکفت شهرستان­ نورآباد ممسنی در استان فارس مطالعه شد. اطلاعات این پژوهش با روش نمونه­گیری گلوله‌برفی، استفاده از مطلعین کلیدی و انتخاب هدفمند با استفاده ترکیبی از روش­های مصاحبه، مشاهده مستقیم و مشاهده مشارکتی به‌دست آمد. داده­ها با استفاده از شاخص‌های کمی فراوانی نسبی نقل‌قول، ارزش استفاده و شاخص اهمیت فرهنگی تحلیل شدند. به استناد نتایج، 38 گونه گیاهی دارویی در منطقه شناسایی شد که بیشترین آنها (16 درصد) متعلق به خانواده کاسنی (Asteraceae) بوده و از نظر فرم رویشی، عمده آنها (47 درصد) جزو گیاهان علفی چندساله بودند. برگ و گل به‌ترتیب با 28 و 18 درصد سهم کل، بیشترین اندام مورد استفاده دارویی بودند. بیشترین شیوه مصرف سنتی گیاهان به­صورت خوراکی (36 درصد) و دم‌کرده و دمنوش (30 درصد) بود. از نظر شاخص فراوانی نسبی نقل‌قول، 11 گونه (شامل 5 گونه چوبی) دارای بیشترین ارزش بودند. بیشترین مقدار شاخص ارزش استفاده (83/0) مربوط به گیاه تاتوره بود و از نظر شاخص اهمیت فرهنگی نیز گونه‌های اسفند، برودار، خنجوک و بومادران بیشترین مقادیر را داشتند. نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر غنای دانش سنتی گیاهان دارویی در منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که در صورت تکرار در سایر مناطق جنگلی زاگرس، می­تواند در تدوین این دانش نقش به‌سزایی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the traditional relationship between local communities and plant values of Zagros region (Case study: Nourabad Mamasani, Fars Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Pourhashemi 1
  • Mehdi Kakavand 2
  • Parisa Panahi 1
  • Ebrahim Mohammadi 3
  • Maziar Haidari 4
1 Assoc., Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran.
2 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran.
3 M.Sc. of Range Management, Natural Resources Bareu at Nourabad Mamasani, Nourabad Mamasani, I.R. Iran.
4 Assist., Prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Division, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Sanandaj, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the first and deepest human relationships with the environment was the use of medicinal values of plants to meet their needs. The Zagros forests are the cradle of ancient Iranian civilizations and encompass many local communities, each comprising precious treasures of traditional herbal science, which is one of the main topics in the science of ethnobotany. In this study, this knowledge was studied in a common-law forest area of Pireshkaft in Nourabad Mamasani city, Fars province. The data were collected by snowball sampling method, using key informants and purposive sampling. An attempt was made to use a combination of interview methods, direct observation, and participatory observation. Data were analyzed using quantitative indicators of Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), use value (UV), and Cultural Importance Index (CI). According to the results, 38 medicinal plant species were identified in the region, most of which (16%) belong to Asteraceae family, and about half of them (47%) belong to the life form of perennial herbaceous plants. Leaves and flowers had the most medicinal use with 28% and 18% of the total proportion, respectively. Also, the most traditional preparation methods were edible (36%) and infusion and herbal tea (30%). In terms of RFC index, 11 species (including 5 woody species) had the highest value. The highest value of UV index (0.83) was related to Datura innoxia and in terms of CI index, Peganum harmala, Quercus brantii, Pistacia khinjuk and Achillea millefolium species had the highest values. The results of this study showed the richness of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the study area, which can be useful in formulating this knowledge if replicated in other Zagros forest areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethnobotany
  • life form
  • medicinal properties
  • ways of preparation
  • Zagros forests
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