برآورد تولید و هزینة عملیات خروج چوب با تراکتور کشاورزی ITM 800 در صنوبرکارهای مناطق جلگه‌ای گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، ایران.

2 گروه جنگلداری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خلخال، خلخال، ایران.

10.22059/jfwp.2025.387893.1321

چکیده

بهینه­ سازی بهره­ وری یک پیش ­­نیاز در عملیات برداشت چوب از جنگل است. خروج چوب با تراکتور کشاورزی یکی از روش ­های حمل و نقل اولیة در جنگل­کاری­ های غرب استان گیلان است. هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی زمان یک نوبت چوبکشی، عوامل تأثیرگذار بر زمان یک نوبت چوبکشی، میزان تولید و هزینة تولید در عملیات خروج درختان با استفاده از تراکتور کشاورزی ITM8004WD بود. این پژوهش در سری هفت­ دغنان در شهرستان صومعه‌سرا در استان گیلان انجام شد. در طی چهار روز، مطالعة حرکت و زمان‌سنجی، 89 دورة چوبکشی انجام شد. با استفاده از رگرسیون چندگانة مدل زمان و تولید برای تراکتور کشاورزی توسعه داده شد. هزینة ثابت و متغیر برای تراکتور کشاورزی برآورد و مجموع هزینه ­ها از مجموع هزینة ماشین و نیروی کار محاسبه شد. میانگین بهره ­وری خالص و ناخالص ساعتی به‌ترتیب 4/68 و 4/28 مترمکعب و هزینة ساعتی سیستم 9632648 ریال در ساعات کار مفید بود. زمان حرکت با بار (38 درصد) و پس از آن حرکت بدون بار (26 درصد) بیشترین زمان یک نوبت چوبکشی را به‌خود اختصاص داد. عوامل مؤثر بر تولید تراکتور کشاورزی فاصلة چوبکشی و حجم بار در هر نوبت بود. مدل‌های معرفی‌شده در این مطالعه را می‌توان در برنامه‌ریزی، بهینه‌سازی کار و برآورد تولید و هزینه تحت شرایط کاری مشابه با آنچه در این مطالعه تجربه شد، استفاده کرد. این مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از تراکتور مذکور در کار خروج درختان قطع شده به‌‌صورت تمام درخت در قطع نهایی جنگل­کاری‌های صنوبر مناطق کم شیب با خاک مستحکم و زهکشی شده مقرون به صرفه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of wood extraction with an agricultural tractor in the whole-tree method of poplar clear-felling operations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Razdari Talesh 1
  • Ramin Naghdi 1
  • Mehrdad Nikooy 1
  • Farzam Tavankar 2
1 Department of Forest Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran.
2 Department of Forestry, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Optimizing productivity is a prerequisite in forest logging. The use of farm tractors is one of the most common logging techniques for the primary transportation of wood-based forest products in forest plantations in northern Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the effective work cycle time, factors influencing skidding time, productivity, operational costs, and production costs of tree extraction using the ITM 800 4WD farm tractor. The research was conducted in the Haftdaghanan region of Sowmeh Sara County in Guilan Province. For the farm tractor, productivity was estimated, and a cycle time prediction model was developed using multiple regression analysis. Both fixed and variable costs were estimated, and total costs were calculated by combining machine and labor costs. The results showed that the average pure and gross hourly productivity were 4.68 and 4.28 m³, respectively, and the hourly system cost during productive time was 9,632,648 Rials. The most time-consuming work element was travel loaded (38%), followed by travel unloaded (26%). Skidding distance and log volume significantly affected productivity. The models introduced in this study can be used for planning, work optimization, and production and cost estimation under similar working conditions. This study demonstrates that in small forest areas with small tree diameters and suitable terrain conditions, farm tractors operate efficiently in skidding operations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Efficiency
  • Full tree
  • Skidding
  • Time study
  • Wood harvesting

مراجع

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نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب
دوره 77، شماره 4
اسفند 1403
صفحه 439-451

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